The increasing demand for electricity caused by a growing number of electric vehicles (EV) is a major challenge for future energy systems. For an integration of the electricity demand from EV, a comprehensive knowledge of its characteristics is essential. The analysis of charging behavior patterns of EV and resulting load profiles become important premises for this crucial task. Three electric mobility studies in Germany's southwestern region (Get eReady, iZEUS, and CROME) deliver comprehensive data of EV use for this purpose. In this paper we analyze and discuss the mobility and charging characteristics of this data in detail. We derive empirical EV load profiles and show how they are affected by charging management as well as charg- representation of EV demand in analyses of future energy systems.

This is the author's version of a work that was published in the following source: Jochem, P.; Gómez Vilchez, J. J.; Ensslen, A.; Schäuble, J.; Fichtner, W. (2018).Methods for forecasting the market penetration of electric drivetrains in the passenger car market .Current car technologies will not solve upcoming challenges of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in road transport. Projections of the market penetration by alternative drive train technologies are controversial regarding both forecast market shares and applied scientific methods. Accepting this latter challenge, we provide a (so far missing) overview of methods applied in this field and give some recommendations for further work.Our focus is to classify the applied methods into a convenient pattern and to analyse models from the recent scientific literature which consider the electrification of light-duty vehicles. We differentiate the following bottom-up approaches: Econometric models with disaggregated data (such as discrete choice), and agent-based simulation models. The group of top-down models are subdivided into econometric models with aggregated data (e.g. vehicle stock data), system dynamics, as well as integrated assessment models with general equilibrium models. It becomes obvious that some methods have a stronger methodological background whereas others require comprehensive data sets or can be combined more flexibly with other methods. Even though there is no dominant method, we can identify a trend in the literature towards data-driven hybrid approaches, which considers micro and macro aspects influencing the market penetration of electric vehicles.

Highlights Survey of free-floating carsharing users carried out in 11 European cities. Each SHARE NOW car replaces up to 20 private cars. The probability of selling private cars increases with kilometres by this service. City-specific characteristics affect private car sales. The car fleet was reduced due to free-floating carsharing in all cities.

This is the author's version of a work that was published in the following source:, A.; Schücking, M.; Jochem, P.; Steffens, H.; Fichtner, W.; Wollersheim, O.; Stella, K. (2017). Empirical carbon dioxide emissions of electric vehicles in a French-German commuter fleet test

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