The aim of the study was to assess the milk yield and composition of dairy cattle of different locations during dry season in selected dairy farms in Kano state. One hundred and twenty lactating cows (different stages of lactation) include Bunaji, Bokoloji, Fresian x Bunaji were used, ten from each twelve dairy farms to assess milk yield and composition. Daily milk yield was recorded for two months. Five milk samples from each farm were analysed for its composition. Danbatta farm was the best in average daily milk yield (ADMY) of 3.86l, Dantube farm was the lowest of 2.49l which differ (p<0.001), Imawa arewa, Asibitin tafasa and Lautaye farms didn’t vary other farms differ. Fat(%) did not vary in all the farms, TS(%) Total solid, TA(%) Titrable acidity, CP(%) Crude protein, Ash(%), SNF(%) Solid non fat differ (p<0.001). Tsaunin fulani farm was the best in Fat(%) 4.26, Asibitin tafasa farm was the lowest of 3.84. Lautaye was the best in TS(%) 57.2, Dakatsalle was the lowest of 38.8. Imawa arewa was the best TA(%) of 0.38, Dakatsalle, Kuki and shinkafi farms are the lowest of 0.29. Imawa arewa, Danbatta and Kwanar dumawa farms are the best in CP(%) 4.24, Kuki farm was the lowest of 3.46. Dantube farm was the best in Ash(%) of 0.54, Dakatsalle, Kuki are the lowest of 0.32. Lautaye was the best in SNF(%) 52.96, Dakatsalle farm was the lowest of 34.6. Fat(%) differ (p<0.05), TS(%) (p<0.001) among the breeds while their ADMY, TA(%), CP(%), Ash(%), SNF(%) did not vary. Bunaji was the best in Fat(%) of 4.22, TS(%) 50.2, SNF(%) 45.74 with ADMY of 2.74l. Fresian x Bunaji was superior in CP(%) 4.24, lowest in Fat(%) 3.88, Ash(%) 0.44, TS(%) 39.2, SNF(%) 35.32 with the best ADMY of 4.01l. Bokoloji was superior in Ash(%) of 0.47 lowest in TA(%) 0.31 with ADMY of 2.67l. Therefore, Danbatta farm, Fresian x Bunaji with the best milk yield, Tsaunin fulani farm with the best Fat(%), Lautaye farm TS(%), Imawa arewa TA(%), Imawa arewa, Danbatta and Kwanar dumawa farms CP(%), Dantube farm Ash(%), Lautaye farm SNF(%), Bunaji breed with the best Fat(%), TS(%), TA(%), SNF(%), Bokoloji breed Ash(%), Fresian x Bunaji CP(%) was recommended. Milk yield and composition varied between dairy breeds, herds of the same breed and even between individual cows of a breed.
Bacterial infection of wound plays an important role in the development of chronicity and delayed healing. In this study, a total of 50 wound swabs were aseptically collected from patients attending specialist hospital Jimeta Yola, Adamawa State and were screened for bacteria. The isolates were identified using Gram-staining and biochemical tests. Eight different bacterial species were identified with Staphylococcus aureus having the highest occurrence with 11(26.19%), followed by Escherichia coli 8(19.05%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 6(14.29%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis 5(11.9%), Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus pyogenes 3(7.14%) and lastly, Bacillus subtilis with 1(2.38%). Antibiotic susceptibility test using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method revealed that most of the Gram-positive isolates significantly resisted oxacillin, penicillin and amoxicillin. Most Gram negatives significantly resisted septrin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, augmentin and pefloxacin. Ciprofloxacin was 100% effective against both Gram positive and Gram-negative isolates. Plasmid curing of resistant isolates using 10% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) revealed that resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin, augmentin and pefloxacin were plasmid borne whereas chloramphenicol and septrin (trimethoprim) were not. Bacteria associated with wound infections encompass both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in nearly equal proportions with high rate of resistance among the isolates.
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