Glaucoma is the third cause of blindness after cataracts and refractive disorders. About 4.5 million people worldwide suffer from blindness due to primary glaucoma. A study on the characteristics of primary glaucoma in Eye Clinic at RA Basoeni Mojokerto Hospital in the period of January-December 2016 had been performed in a descriptive cross sectional retropective study, observing: glaucoma type, gender, age, laterality, visual acuity, and intra ocular pressure (IOP). The type of primary glaucoma that most patients experienced was primary closed angle glaucoma. In primary open-angle glaucoma, the number of male patients was almost the same as female patients. Whereas, in primary closed-angle glaucoma, there were more female patients than male. Primary glaucoma patients, both open and closed, were mostly >60 years old. Both primary open and closed angle glaucoma occurred mostly bilaterally. The highest visual acuity of primary glaucoma patients was mild vision loss and near-total vision loss. More glaucoma patients had IOP >21 mmHg, both in right and left eye.
Background: Fungal keratitis is one of the most difficult forms of microbial keratitis to treat successfully. Aspergillus flavus is a type of filamentous fungus that often causes suppurative keratitis. Complications that often arise from fungal keratitis are corneal perforation and blindness due to scar tissue formation. Methods: Aspergillus flavus was injected into the corneas of 28 Sprague Dawley rats intrastromal and divided into 4 groups, with each group consisting of 7 rats, fungal injection into the cornea as a fungal injection without therapy, natamycin therapy, cryotherapy, and combination therapy. Therapy was given five days after the fungal injection into the cornea and the formation of keratitis and corneal central thinning. After four days of therapy, the eyes were enucleated to determine the effect of cryotherapy on MMP-8 and TIMP-1 expression in the cornea with an immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining examination. The differences in MMP-8 and TIMP-1 expressions between groups were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post hoc test with a significant p <0.05. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for Windows. Results: The highest MMP-8 expression was found in the natamycin therapy group (3), and the lowest was in the negative control group and cryotherapy (1). There were no significant differences in MMP-8 expression in the 4 groups (p=0.482). The highest TIMP-1 expression was found in the negative control group (8) and the lowest was in the cryotherapy group (2). There were significant differences in TIMP-1 expression in the 4 groups (p=0.002). Conclusion: It was found that the expression of TIMP-1 and MMP-8, although the last one was not significant, were lower in the cryotherapy group than in the non-cryotherapy group.
Introduction: Globe luxation is a rare case and is one of the trauma conditions contributing to the number of blindness worldwide. Its etiology is divided into three categories: spontaneous, voluntary, and post-traumatic. Case presentation: A 21-year-old man was referred with a chief complaint of left eye protruding and painful blind eye after a car accident 12 hours before being consulted. Systemic condition revealed anemia with bilateral pneumonia and was confirmed as COVID-19, an asymptomatic condition. Visual acuity of both eyes was > 2/60 lying position with no light perception, respectively. During surgery, we found necrotic ocular surface and choroidal prolapse. Enucleation was chosen because of poor eyeball conditions and no visual potential. Conclusion: In multiple trauma cases, either eye or systemic conditions must be considered. Although saving the eyeball is the primary treatment choice, enucleation should be considered if the eyeball’s condition is poor and has no visual potential.
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