Women have an essential need for the encouragement of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practices. These practices enhance the mother's Exclusive Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (EBFSE). Objective: Explore the relationship between EBFSE and mothers' practices. Settings: Three governmental MCHs inEast district-San Stefano, Middle district-Ambrozio and Muharram Bey, as well as Gomrok district-Al-Hajjari. Subjects: A convenient sample of 580 lactating mothers. Tools: Two tools were used. The first tool is namely Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale to Measure Exclusive Breastfeeding (BSES-EBF). The second one is called an observational checklist regarding mothers' breastfeeding practices. Results: Nearly half of the lactating mothers got a high level of total EBFSE whereas less than half of them had a low level. Unfortunately, about three-quarters of mothers had an unsatisfactory level in their total maternal BF practices. Conclusion: EBFSE has a positive very strong correlation with mothers' practices regarding EBF. Recommendations: Conducting educational sessions regarding effective BF techniques and proper management of its difficulties is mandatory for Health Care Providers (HCPs), and pregnant as well as lactating mothers.

Background: Pediatric nurses spend a considerable time on IV cannulation procedures for children. It often requires the involvement of experienced nurses to perform this procedure Purpose: To examine the effect of Valsalva Maneuver application versus Virtual Reality use on children's pain intensity during peripheral cannulation. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at the

Background: Swaddle bathing is one of the best practice types of bathing that recommended by Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurse. In this respect, nurses in NICUs play a proactive role in ongoing monitoring and stabilization of temperature as well as cardio-respiratory parameters of the neonates. Objective: to determine the effect of swaddle bathing on neonatal thermal stability and cardio-respiratory parameters. Setting: The study was conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) of the Specialized University Hospital at Smouha and El Raml Children's Hospital in Alexandria. Subjects: A convenient sample of 60 neonates comprised the study subjects. Tools: Two tools were used to collect the data. Tool one: Neonatal Biological and Clinical Characteristics Record. Tool two: Neonatal Body Temperature and Cardio-Respiratory Parameters Record. Results: The present study revealed that none of the neonates in the study group had low body temperature in all study periods. All neonates of the study and the control groups had normal respiratory rate along all periods of measurements after bathing. None of the neonates in the study group had low oxygen saturation (<95%). None of the neonates in the study group had decreased heart rate (< 120 beat / minute) compared to 13.3% of the neonates in the control group. Moreover, none of the neonates in the study group had increased heart rate compared to 10% and 6.7% in control group in that order. Conclusion: it was concluded that neonates who received swaddle bathing exhibited stable temperature and cardio-respiratory parameters more than those who received routine bathing except respiratory rate. Recommendations: In-service training program should be provided for nurses in NICUs about swaddle bathing technique that includes preparation, duration and how to use positive touch.

Facilitated Tucking (FT) position as an innovative nursing approach and Gustatory Stimulation (GS) would mimic the feeling of being held within mother's hug. Purpose: To determine the effect of FT and GS on preterm neonates' physical growth and behavioral regulation. Research Design: A quasi experimental design was used.

Background: Chronic renal failure is a worldwide health problem, with increasing prevalence and adverse outcomes. Children's nutritional status reflects the degree to which physiologic needs for nutrients are being met. In challenges of pediatric nurse role, she must gathering data for nutrition assessment, provide education regarding dietary modifications, encourage appropriate food choice, and evaluate the adequacy of nutrient intake for children with CRF as they are already in risk for poor nutritional health. Aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of the school age children with CRF undergoing hemodialysis. Setting it was carried out in hemodialysis unit of Alexandria University Children at El-Shatby Hospital (AUCH) and Health Insurance Student's Hospital (HISH) in Alexandria, Egypt. Subject: A convenient sample of all children (30) with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis was involved. Materials and Method: A structured interview questionnaire was designed and used to interview the child or mothers. It included nutritional assessment of studied children such as Physical examination, anthropometric measurements and lab investigation. The results revealed that the majority of studied children had height, weight, BMI, MAC, TSFT less than normal. The majority of children were anemic. Most of children had low in vitamins such as A (93.3%), C (93.3%) and D (100%). 63.3 % of the studied children had hypoalbuminaemia. high percent of children had hypocalcemia and hypokalemia. All of studied children had hypercreatinemia. Recommendation: nutritional counseling should be performed based on individualized assessment of children with consideration of the children age, development, food preference, activity, cultural beliefs, and psychological status.