The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks design with two treatments for imidacloprid and tetraconazole in addition to control. Each treatment includes three replicates. The application was carried out using knapsack sprayer equipped with one nozzle. Its residues on and in cucumber fruits collected after one hour, 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 21 days from last spray were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) of imidacloprid and tetraconazole on cucumber fruits. The results obtained revealed that the residual level of imidacloprid was less than the maximum residual level (MRL=1 mg/kg) which recommended by Codex Alimentration Commission, and the residual level of tetraconazole was less than the maximum residual level (MRL=0.2 mg/kg) which recommended by Codex Alimentration Commission. Also, the results showed that tetraconazole high persistence (t 1/2 =1.4 days) than imidacloprid (t 1/2 =2.2 days) on cucumber fruits.
Screening extracts of wild plant species for insecticidal properties might lead to the discovery of new agents of pests management. The aim of this study was to evaluate insecticidal efficiency of five plant extracts in comparing with three synthetic insecticides against white fly, Bemisia tabaci and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii infesting cucumber plants. The study was conducted at Nobaria district, Beheira Governorate, Egypt during two successive summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 under the open field conditions. The tested botanical extracts included aloe, Aloe barbadensis; oleander, Nerium oleander; ginger, Zingiber officinale; garlic, Allium sativum and chinaberry, Melia azedarach. The results showed that these extracts had potential effects in reducing the population density of B. tabaci and A. gossypii on cucumber plants. The descending order of plant extracts efficacy against B.tabaci nymphs treated with 10 % (w/v) was chinaberry followed by oleander, garlic, aloe and ginger. On the other hand, the efficiency of the tested plant extracts on the cotton aphids could be arranged according to their percentages of reduction in infestation as following: chinaberry, oleander, aloe, garlic and Ginger. According the provided data we can conclude that the tested aqueous extracts have an insecticidal effect against B. tabaci and A. gossypii and can be integrated into their management strategies. However, this inference needs thorough testing before generalization.
In this study, different bio-insecticides treatments were evaluated for their influence against larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory and field conditions. The tested bio-insecticides were Tracer 24% SC (Spinosad), Vertemic 18% EC (Abamectin), BioPower (Beauveria bassiana), Bio-Catch (Lecanicillium lecanii) and Priority (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus). The obtained results revealed that the tested treatments on S. frugiperda and S. cretica varied under laboratory conditions. The insecticidal efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungi BioPower showed the highest toxic effect against larvae of S. frugiperda and S. cretica while the Priority insecticide showed the lowest. Abamectin was more effective for both larval species than spinosad. As well as the larvae of S. frugiperda were more susceptible to the tested bioinsecticides than the larvae of S. cretica. In the field study, all the treatments were found effective in reducing the larvae of S. frugiperda and S. cretica population and protecting maize plants compared with the control. The insecticide Vertemic 18% EC was found to be the best, followed by Tracer 24% SC, BioPower, Bio-Catch and finally Priority.
The present study was designed to assess some toxicological effects in male rats following exposure to technical and formulated chlorpyrifos (CPF T. and CPF F.; at a dose of 10 mg a.i. kg-1 b.wt.) and to evaluate the possible ameliorative effect of Rutin (RT, 50 mg/kg
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