In vitro and in vivo studies are fundamental steps in the characterization of new implantable materials to preliminarily assess their biological response. The present study reports the in vitro and in vivo characterizations of a novel experimental silicate bioactive glass (BG) (47.5 B, 47.5 SiO2-10 Na2O-10 K2O-10 MgO-20 CaO-2.5 P2O5 mol.%). Cytocompatibility tests were performed using human mature osteoblasts (U2OS), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human endothelial cells (EA.hy926). The release of the early osteogenic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) marker suggested strong pro-osteogenic properties, as the amount was comparable between hMSCs cultivated onto BG surface and cells cultivated onto polystyrene control. Similarly, real-time PCR revealed that the osteogenic collagen I gene was overexpressed in cells cultivated onto BG surface without biochemical induction. Acute toxicity tests for the determination of the median lethal dose (LD50) allowed classifying the analyzed material as a slightly toxic substance with LD50 = 4522 ± 248 mg/kg. A statistically significant difference in bone formation was observed in vivo through comparing the control (untreated) group and the experimental one, proving a clear osteogenic effect induced by the implantation at the defect site. Complete resorption of 47.5 B powder was observed after only 3 months in favor of newly formed tissue, thus confirming the high osteostimulatory potential of 47.5 B glass.
Bioactive glasses are often designed as porous implantable templates in which newly-formed bone can grow in three dimensions (3D). This research work aims to investigate the bone regenerative capability of silicate bioactive glass scaffolds produced by robocasting in comparison with powder and granule-like materials (oxide system: 47.5SiO2-10Na2O-10K2O-10MgO-20CaO-2.5P2O5, mol.%). Morphological and compositional analyses performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) after the bioactivity studies in a simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the apatite-forming ability of the scaffolds, which is key to allowing bone-bonding in vivo. The scaffolds exhibited a clear osteogenic effect upon implantation in rabbit femur and underwent gradual resorption followed by ossification. Full resorption in favor of new bone growth was achieved within 6 months. Osseous defect healing was accompanied by the formation of mature bone with abundant osteocytes and bone marrow cells. These in vivo results support the scaffold’s suitability for application in bone tissue engineering and show promise for potential translation to clinical assessment.
In this study, injectable pastes based on a clinically-tested bioactive glass and glycerol (used as organic carrier) were produced and characterized for further application in regenerative medicine. The paste preparation route, apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, viscoelastic behavior and structural features revealed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were presented and discussed, also on the basis of the major experimental data obtained in previous studies. A mechanism illustrating the chemical interaction between bioactive glass and glycerol was proposed to support the bioactivity mechanism of injectable pastes. Then, the results of In vivo tests, conducted through injecting moldable paste into osseous defects made in rabbit’s femur, were reported. Animal studies revealed good osteoconductivity and bone bonding that occurred initially at the interface between the glass and the host bone, and further supported the suitability of these bioactive glass pastes in bone regenerative medicine.
Проводились исследования хронической токсичности отечественного остеопластичесого материала (Oss.uz) в межвузовской научно-исследовательской лаборатории. Пастообразный остеопластический материал получен путем смешивания порошка с чистым глицеролом. В опыте использовались 72 крыс самцов. При расчете относительных масс внутренних органов экспериментальных животных по сравнению с контролем не выявлены статистически значимые различия. Результаты морфологического исследования внутренних органов экспериментальных животных доказал безвредность исследуемого материала.
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