This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of interventions with gender transformative approach (GTA) components in improving women's empowerment in low-and middle-income countries, and to curate evidence on the mechanisms through which GTA works to improve women's empowerment in agriculture.
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: the primary objective of this review is to synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to promote climate‐smart agriculture to enhance agricultural outcomes and resilience of women farmers in low‐and‐middle‐income countries (research question 1). The secondary objective is to examine evidence along the causal pathway from access to interventions to promote climate‐smart agriculture to empowering women so that they can use climate‐smart technology. And such outcomes include knowledge sharing, agency improvement, resource access and decision‐making (research question 2).
Women are at a particular disadvantage by the stress that climate change poses on food systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as their adaptive capacity is hampered by unequal access to resources and services and constraints to their agency. This paper proposes a methodology to identify climate–agriculture–gender inequality hotspot LMICs and subnational areas where climate hazards converge with large concentrations of women participating in food systems and social conditions that disadvantage women. The methodology applies data reduction techniques on publicly available data to compute a hotspot index that forms the basis for ranking and mapping hotspots. Applying the methodology illustrates the hottest of 87 LMICs are located in Africa and identifies crop-specific hotspot subnational areas in four focus countries. Identifying hotspots can enable targeting populations at highest risk and render future efforts to support women’s agency for climate resilience and avert increasing gender inequalities more effective.
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