Graphene oxide was successfully reduced to graphene using a bacterial cellulose culture medium that was further processed to fabricate in situ composites of bacterial cellulose/reduced graphene oxide gelatinous hybrids, aerogels, and membranes.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers secreted by Komagataeibacter xylinus 10245 were applied alone or with chitosan to prepare highly aligned and porous scaffolds through a liquid nitrogen-initiated ice “templating” and freeze-drying process.

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