Schizencephaly, i.e., split brain, is a rare, congenital cerebral malformation. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best neuroimaging modality for its diagnosis. In literature, only few cases have been reported causing symptoms in adults. Symptomatic patients present as hemiparesis, developmental deficits to seizures. This condition is usually found at birth and presents during early years. Appropriate diagnosis of the disease is necessary to avoid incorrect treatment. Here, we present a rare case of left, unilateral, open lip schizencephaly in an adult patient presenting with partial seizures but with an asymptomatic childhood.

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Background: The complete or imperforate transverse vaginal septum is a rare anomaly of the female reproductive tract. Its site varies in the vaginal canal. The common sites are upper and middle third of the vagina, the low transverse vaginal septum is very rare. It is found in association with urological anomalies and anorectal malformation as well as other Mullerian anomalies especially bicornuate uterus. Case Report: We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with hematometra, hematocolpos and hematosalpinx due to an imperforate complete low vaginal septum. Conclusion: Hematosalpinx presence adversely affects the fertility and obstetric outcomes in the patient. MRI is important diagnostic modality that helps in deciding the management and so as predicting future outcome.

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SummaryBackgroundProstate cancer (PC) is an important medical and socio-economical problem due to its increasing incidence. The development of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, and a continuing decrease in the rates of other common neoplasms, such as lung and stomach since mid-1980s, prostate cancer has become one of the most common cancers among men. Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men, preceded only by lung cancer, and its early diagnosis is crucial for a successful treatment, that will prolong survival and improve quality of life.The main objective of our study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detecting prostatic pathologies and staging of prostate cancer by correlating these methods with histopathological results.Material/MethodsThe study is a cross-sectional diagnostic study performed in 66 patients with a high degree of clinical suspicion of prostatic pathology. All patients underwent TRUS, T1W, T2W, DWI, and 3D PRESSMRS sequences, and we also calculated ADC values and Cho Cr/Cit MRS ratios for all patients.ResultsCombination of MRI and MRS showed the highest diagnostic accuracy among the imaging modalities in detecting of prostatic neoplasm, followed by MRI, and then by TRUS. MRS plays a complementary role to MRI, by increasing its diagnostic accuracy. Due to a high cost, limited availability and increased scanning time, combination of MRI and MRS is currently not recommended as a first line investigation for detecting prostate neoplasms, hence USG (TRUS) remains the first line investigation due to its low cost, easy availability, time effectiveness and comparable efficacy.ConclusionsMRI MRS has more diagnostic accuracy than MRI alone for detection of prostate pathologies. MRS, plays significant complementary role and should be included in the routine MR imaging protocols. MRI helps in diagnosis, localization, better tissue characterization and staging of prostate cancer. TRUS is easily available, cost effective and has comparable efficacy.

Background: Any anatomical or physiological obstruction to flow of urine in urinary tract results in obstructive uropathy which is one of the leading etiologies of renal failure. So, physicians require accurate and early diagnosis of obstructive uropathy to initiate appropriate treatment of these entities for better prognosis of patient. The purpose of the present study aims to determine the feasibility, accuracy and diagnostic potential of combined static and excretory MR Urography in patients of clinical features of obstructive uropathy with sonographically detected hydronephrosis.Methods: A cross sectional study of 100 patients were carried in the Department of Radio-diagnosis. The results of MR Urography were compared with the results of post-operative findings and clinical follow-up.Results: In our study of 100 patients of obstructive uropathy, MRU better depicted mild to severe PCS dilatation, renal and ureteric calculi, impaired renal function, extrinsic ureteric and PUJ obstruction. Static-fluid and excretory MR urography provided a comprehensive evaluation of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, vasculature, and soft tissues in patients with symptoms of obstructive uropathy.Conclusions: MR urography provided a superior imaging of urinary system dilatation, the site and the etiology of obstruction. In conclusions, static and excretory MRU give both morphological and functional information in a single examination without exposure to ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast agent.

BackgroundThe imaging evaluation of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameters is essential for the estimation of vena caval pathologies and can also detect early hypovolemic shock. There are very few studies on normal IVC diameters on CT scan done in foreign countries, and none done in the Indian population. AimsThe goal of this research is to assess the normal IVC diameter in the Indian adult population by performing a CT scan of the abdomen. Material and methodsIn this study, CT scans of 200 individuals (aged 19-83) without any circulatory and vascular disorders were analyzed retrospectively. The anteroposterior (AP) and transverse diameters of the IVC were measured at the level of the renal vein and at the level 2 cm proximal to insertion in the heart (usual area of measurement on ultrasonography). ResultsThe study discovered normal adult mean AP and transverse dimensions of the IVC at the level of the renal vein as 16.3 ± 2.9 mm and 25.8 ± 3.5 mm, respectively, and 16.9 + 3.2 mm and 26.2 + 3.6 mm at the level 2 cm proximal to its insertion in the right atrium. ConclusionsIn this study, the normal morphometric dimensions of the IVC in the Indian adult population were established. The diameters of the IVC and the age of the participants in our study had no statistically significant correlation, however, the IVC changes its cross-sectional area and diameter due to changes in venous pressure and blood pressure and hence is a highly compliant vessel. The results of the study will be used as baseline data for the assessment of IVC disorders.