Building construction is one of the fastest growing industries in India and it puts a huge burden on its limited natural resources. Fired clay bricks are one of the major constituent materials for the construction industry and it produces a huge amount of greenhouse gases. This research tries to highlight the use of alternative materials and how they can be modulated to suit the Indian construction industry. Bio-brick or agro-waste based brick is one such material that has the potential to be a sustainable and cost-effective solution. It acts as good heat and sound insulator and at the same time has overall negative carbon footprint. Additionally, it also acts as a deterrent to stubble burning, prevalent in northern India which causes severe air pollution. Due to its low density, it reduces dead load in high rise structures, thereby making RCC construction more economical. The study also highlights the use of Bio-brick in various areas of a structure. Another important objective of this research is to inspire and motivate architects, designers, researchers and builders to encourage and support the development of such sustainable and eco-sensitive material in construction industry.
The practice-led research focuses on how agro-waste can be used to build a structure, gather relevant knowledge, and identify its various challenges. Based on the compressive strength of Bio-Bricks, it was decided to use a frame structure, and instead of using Bio-Bricks as a modular unit, the material used was cast in situ with the help of a specially designed mould. The roofing of the structure was also built using Bio-Bricks material over an MS frame. The prototype was plastered with cement mortar and finished with two coats of distemper paint. After the completion of the prototype structure, comprehensive documentation was done to analyse the data generated from the process to identify the desired improvements. A secondary study of sustainable building materials was done to understand the comparative strength and weaknesses of Bio-Bricks as construction materials. Based on the work done at different stages of construction, detailed lists of findings and inferences were drawn to improve the overall manufacturing process. The research project findings will help guide the future development of Bio-Bricks as a commercial building material.
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