Objective: To examine changes in hyoid to mandibular plane distance (H-MP) and tongue length (TL) between children who had orthodontic treatment with and without rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Materials and Methods: Lateral and frontal cephalograms of 138 patients treated with RME and 148 controls treated without RME were used to measure pretreatment (T 1 ) and posttreatment (T 2 ) intermolar (IM) distance, lateronasal width (LNW), H-MP, and TL. Medical histories were used to collect demographic information, history of mouth breathing, difficulty breathing through the nose, and previous adenotonsillectomy. Groups were group-matched for age and gender. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Group means were compared using t-tests and chi-square statistics. Reliability was estimated using intraclass correlations and kappa statistics. Statistical significance was set at P , .05. Results: At T 1 , the RME group showed smaller LNW (24.83 6 1.99 vs 26.18 6 2.05) and IM (50.17 6 2.3 vs 51.58 6 2.83). The distance from H-MP was longer in the RME group (15.69 6 3.95 vs 13.86 6 3.4). Mean changes (T 2 2 T 1 ) in the RME group were increased LNW (+2.48 6 1.38 vs +0.94 6 1.11 for the non-RME group) and IM (+3.21 6 1.72 vs +0.98 6 1.67). The mean change (T 2
Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are caused by repetitive dynamic closure of the oropharyngeal airway. There exists substantial and growing epidemiologic evidence that OSA is associated with a variety of systemic conditions, including but not limited to, systemic hypertension, stroke, congestive heart failure, increased motor vehicle accidents, impaired quality of living and mortality. There is an equal amount of literature on the use of dental appliances as a treatment modality for OSA. The object of this report is to review the literature in regards to three vital aspects of this disease: a) the etiology and sequela of OSA; b) the dental management of the condition and its mode of action; and lastly, c) the positive and negative outcomes/risks, of dental management.
KEYWORDS
Obstructive Sleep ApneaOral devices Dental appliances treatment protocols.
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