This study discusses the main issues: first, what is the pattern of punishment for corporations that commit environmental crimes. Related to laws and regulations, in general, laws related to this issue are administrative law and criminal law. First, administrative law related to the concept of pollution and environmental damage by corporations and administrative sanctions. Second, criminal law related to the environment, including corporate criminal acts in the environmental field as stipulated in the criminal provisions of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The urgency of criminal responsibility for corporations as perpetrators of environmental crimes is because corporate criminal acts in the environmental sector have widespread and complex negative impacts so that they not only cause direct harm to society and the environment but also disrupt the country's financial and economic stability, given the The environmental crimes are committed with economic motives. The pattern of sentencing against corporations that commit environmental crimes in the PPLH Law should contain provisions related to sentencing patterns based on environmental conservation which include aggravation of criminal fines, regulation of the implementation of criminal fines, and sanctions for remedial action due to criminal acts.
No abstract
This article explores a series of transformations in the Indonesian economic and legal environment. The study opens with an explanation of the state of the legal and economic order in the world. It then presents the narrative of the everwarring ideologies that exist in the international community. The article analyses the origin of Indonesian volksgeist (national spirit) as mandated by Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution throughout eras. It expounds on the development of legal and economic regimes up to the present era. The paper also analyzed the origin and development of legal and economic deviations from Article 33 implementations up to the present day. In constructing a clear narration of the evolution of legal and economic growth in Indonesia, the aim of criticizing the deviating development of legal and economic policies can be completed soundly. Thus, the reflection that enforces the analysis can provide the wider public with an understanding of the challenges that are present in the Indonesian legal-economic landscape. In the end, the remaining issues to establish a good legal stratum in the nation, informing of the founders' vision of cooperativism and collectivism and the need to realize it for the benefit of the people are also delivered.
The development of the capital market cannot be separated from the needs and influence of investors. The capital market itself is based on three factors, namely income, liquidity, and investment security. Capital market regulators and stakeholders of the capital market industry must work together to realize these three things in the Indonesian capital market for investors who are interested in investing in the Indonesian capital market. With the increasing interest of investors in investing their capital, various trading sites have emerged that try to accommodate the wishes of these investors, one of which is known as two systems, namely forex trading and binary options. These two systems can be the choice of investors as a means of investing their capital with the benefits and risks offered by each of these systems. Recently, there have been many problems related to investors or traders who feel disadvantaged and cheated because they use the binary option trading system, whose activities only need to predict whether the market direction will be high or low within a period of three or fifteen minutes without the need to consider leverage, spread, or margin. Moreover, the news is developing that there is a binary option affiliate whose job is to attract traders who will later get a commission of seventy percent of the total loss and loss of capital from all the capital issued by traders who play binary options. Affiliates of binary options platforms can be imprisoned for inviting and teaching the public about misguided investments. Especially if they are caught benefiting from losses suffered by others. This article will discuss related law enforcement actions against these binary options trading affiliates.
This article is aimed to narrate the core value of the Indonesian economic system as stipulated by the founding fathers. And it was called Ekonomi Kerakyatan (Proletarian Economy), introduced by Muhammad Hatta and is the distinctive feature of Indonesian democracy. A system that is centered on people’s empowerment. The Indonesian “third way” was introduced long before Giddens’s idea and it was claimed as the authentic Indonesian socialism. One that is rooted in the value of Pancasila as Indonesia’s Weltanschauung (Philosophische- Grondslag). A People-centered economy based on cooperativism and kinship. The paper used a qualitative method in its research. The first part will explain how Ekonomi Rakyat was defined and postulated under the Indonesian Constitution. Then, it will explain the transformation of the economic legislature and its implication to national development. Lastly, the resolution to reinvigorate the idea of a people-centered economy in Indonesian Economic Democracy and Legal framework is explained. The research finds that Indonesia’s inherent economic system is yet to be implemented in the national legal life and that it greatly impacts the nation’s notions of prosperity. In the end, the research concludes that the economic system should be narrated in a sound legal framework, while the process of legal drafting and enforcement depends on political commitment.
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