Abstract. Evidence-based assessment is necessary as a first step for developing psychopathological studies and assessing the effectiveness of empirically validated treatments. There are several measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or symptomatology in children and adolescents, but all of them present some limitations. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) by Foa and her colleagues has showed to be a good self-report measure to capture the dimensionality of OCD in adults and adolescents. The child version of the OCI (OCI-CV) was validated for clinical children and adolescents in 2010, showing excellent psychometric properties. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure and invariance of the OCI-CV in the general population. Results showed a six-factor structure with one second-order factor, good consistency values, and invariance across region, age, and sex. The OCI-CV is an excellent inventory for assessing the dimensions of OCD symptomatology in general populations of children and adolescents. The invariance across sex and age warrants its utilization for research purposes.

Summary: In behavioral assessment, the strategy theoretically most coherent for case formulation is to carry out a functional analysis aimed at discovering, among other factors, functionally relevant stimuli acting upon the problem-behavior. However, little is known about the decision-making processes involved in this task. Although many authors have suggested prescriptive models for this process, the strategies used by clinicians when gathering information seem to be left to experience and common sense. The present research is an attempt to increase the knowledge about this process of information gathering. The study was carried out with psychology students in their final year who already had enough theoretical knowledge to gather this kind of information, but still lacked practical experience. Subjects were asked to gather information aimed at checking a hypothesis about the functional role on a given behavior of either an antecedent or a subsequent (i.e., reinforcing) stimulus. The results show that information gathered to test a reinforcing stimulus hypothesis is more homogeneous than information to test a hypothesis about a functionally relevant antecedent stimulus. The strategies used to test both types of hypotheses are different. In both instances, however, subjects more frequently gathered information useful to refute or refine the hypothesis than information useful to verify it.

The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) is one of the most used instruments to assess perfectionism. The FMPS assesses six dimensions: Concern over Mistakes (CM), Parental Expectations (EP), Parental Criticism (PC), Doubts about Actions (DA), Organization (OR), and Personal Standards (PS). CM, PE, PC, and DA are facets of a more general dimension considered Maladaptive Perfectionism. PS is frequently considered Adaptive Perfectionism. FMPS psychometric properties have been studied in adults but scarcely in children. We adapted the FMPS for Spanish children and adolescents and studied these properties in a sample of 1,648 Spanish young people (mean age = 13.36; SD = 2.28). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were used to test whether the FMPS dimensions found in adults are applicable to children. Results supported this hypothesis. The FMPS dimensional structure was invariant across gender and age. FMPS subscales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α: .71-.92) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlations: .70-.85). Moderate and high correlations with measures of dysfunctional beliefs, anxiety, and depression supported the validity of the FMPS scores. Results from regression equations showed that the relationship of perfectionism with anxiety and depression is mostly due to Maladaptive Perfectionism.

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El presente trabajo muestra qué información debe recogerse para realizar el análisis funcional de un caso clínico, qué características debe poseer dicha información, cómo pueden integrarse los datos disponibles y cómo se pueden representar gráficamente los juicios clínicos para que ayuden en la elección del tratamiento. El análisis funcional consiste en la integración de variables y relaciones causales con los problemas del cliente y con los objetivos del tratamiento. Presentamos un caso práctico ilustrativo de evaluación conductual, de integración en un análisis funcional de los datos obtenidos y de su representación gráfica mediante un diagrama causal. El análisis funcional y su representación gráfica se presentan de forma que sirvan para comunicar con claridad el análisis funcional a otras personas, para enseñar a formular casos clínicos y para elegir el mejor enfoque para el tratamiento. El análisis funcional es dinámico, hipotético e idiográfico y su validez puede restringirse a determinadas situaciones o contextos. A B S T R A C TThis article reviews what information needs to be gathered to carry out the functional analysis of a clinical case, what the scientific characteristics of this information are, how to integrate available information, and how to graphically represent clinical judgments to make treatment decisions. Functional analysis is the integration of important, modifiable, causal variables and causal relations associated with a client's behavior problems and intervention goals. We present a clinical case to illustrate the applications of behavioral assessment methods and to show how data obtained in the assessment process can be integrated into a functional analysis. Functional Analytic Clinical Case Diagrams (FACCD), which are causal diagrams of a functional analysis, are also introduced. The functional analysis and FACCD are designed to efficiently communicate the functional analysis to others, as an aid in teaching case formulations, and to assist in selecting the most beneficial intervention focus with a client. The functional analysis is a dynamic, hypothesized, idiographic clinical case formulation. The validity of a functional analysis can be confined to particular settings or contexts.

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A combined therapeutic intervention -pharmacological and psychological-is described for the treatment of a patient previously diagnosed of Bipolar Disorder. The cooperation of psychiatrists and psychologists helped to set an alternative diagnosis (depression) and the subsequent treatment. The therapeutic outcome obtained shows the need to assume, under certain circumstances, several simultaneous and competitive diagnoses, especially when the overall pattern of the gathered data cannot be unequivocally translated into symptoms according to current diagnostic criteria.