Objective: to determine the factors related to the risk of malnutrition in a non-institutionalized population over 75 years of age. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire in a sample of 326 individuals over 75 years of age in Castellón (Spain), during 2015, and selected through intentional sampling. Results: Malnutrition prevalence was 2.8%. 26.9% of the individuals were at risk of malnutrition, whereas women presented a higher rate (31.5%). Women with a good overall health status showed a lower rate than men, 55% and 69%, respectively. Individuals that showed a lower risk of malnutrition are those with a positive perception than those who have a good overall health. Frail elderly people showed a higher risk of malnutrition (57.5%) compared to non-frail subjects (20.2%) p< 0.001. Conclusion: Frail women, self-assessed health, overall health, and use of health care services (nursing consultation) were related to a higher risk of malnutrition. Descriptors: Malnutrition; Quality of Life; Frail Elderly; Risk Factor; Nursing. RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar los factores relacionados con el riesgo de desnutrición en la población de mayores de 75años no institucionalizada. Método: estudio transversal realizado mediante cuestionario en una muestra de 326 individuos mayores de 75 en Castellón (España), durante 2015. Seleccionados mediante muestreo intencionado. Resultados: Prevalencia de desnutrición 2,8%. El 26,9% de los individuos están en riesgo de desnutrición, las mujeres lo presentan en mayor proporción (31,5%). Las mujeres presentan una salud general buena en menor proporción que los hombres, el 55% frente a 69%. Tienen menor riesgo de desnutrición los individuos que tienen una percepción positiva y los que tienen una buena salud general. Los mayores frágiles presentan un mayor riesgo de desnutrición (57,5%) frente a los no frágiles (20,2%) p< 0.001. Conclusión: Se relacionan con mayor riesgo de desnutrición, mujeres fragilidad, percepción de la salud, salud global y utilización de Servicios sanitarios (consulta de la enfermería). Descriptores: Desnutrición; Calidad de Vida; Anciano Frágil; Factores de Riesgo; Enfermería. RESUMO Objetivo: determinar os fatores relacionados com o risco de desnutrição na população acima de 75 anos não institucionalizada. Método: estudo transversal realizado mediante questionário em uma amostra de 326 indivíduos acima de 75 anos em Castellón (Espanha), durante 2015, e que foram selecionados por meio de amostragem intencional. Resultados: prevalência de desnutrição de 2,8%. 26,9% dos indivíduos correm risco de desnutrição, sendo que as mulheres se apresentam em maior proporção (31,5%). As mulheres apresentam uma boa saúde geral em menor proporção que os homens, 55% e 69%, respectivamente. Os indivíduos que apresentam um menor risco de desnutrição são os que têm uma percepção positiva e os que têm uma boa saúde geral. Os idosos frágeis apresentam um risco maior de desnutrição (57,5%) comparado aos não frágeis (20,2%) p< 0.001. Conclusão: relacionam-se...

Objective: The study aimed to describe the characteristics and circumstances of falls in the community-dwelling older adult population. Design: This was a cross-sectional observational and descriptive study involving primary health care centers in Lleida and Castellón de la Plana, Spain. Randomized sampling was used to include 966 individuals aged 75 years or older residing in single-family homes and in possession of a health care card. Data were obtained using the Survey on Fragility in Older People in Lleida (FRALLE survey). Study variables included the occurrence of falls in the past year and fall characteristics such as whether it was a first or successive fall, cause, season, and time of the day the fall occurred, whether the respondent fell flat on the ground, and time the participant remained on the floor. Other variables involved the circumstances of the fall, including the general location of the fall and specific location within the home if applicable, lighting/weather conditions, objects which may have precipitated the fall, floor conditions, and type of footwear. Results: The prevalence of falls was 25.9% with regard to the previous year, with 70% of these participants reporting having fallen previously. Falls most often occurred by accident, during the daytime, and in the winter. Variables that showed statistical significance with regard to age group were: falling flat on the ground ( P = .031), fall location ( P = .000), presence of an object favoring the fall ( P = .039), floor conditions ( P = .011), and type of footwear ( P = .029). By sex, variables that showed statistical significance included the need for assistance to get up ( P = .045) and type of footwear ( P = .028). Conclusions: The prevalence of falls was found to be similar in the studied cities. The results show the most common characteristics and circumstances of falls in older adults in the community, making it possible to guide future preventive strategies.

Nº 55 Julio 2019Página 58 ORIGINALES Factores asociados a la depresión en personas mayores de 75 años de edad en un área urbanaFactors associated with depression in older adults over the age of 75 living in an urban area Introducción: La presencia de síntomas depresivos en los mayores es un problema importante de salud, se puede considerar como la alteración de la salud mental, más frecuente en ancianos en los países desarrollados. Se asocia al sufrimiento y a un incremento de la prevalencia y mala evolución de los problemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la depresión y factores asociados en personas mayores de 75 años de la ciudad de Castellón de la Plana. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico, realizado mediante cuestionario sobre una muestra de 400 individuos mayores de 75 años residentes en la comunidad, que fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo intencionado durante el año 2015. Resultados: Prevalencia de síntomas depresivos 30,5%, las mujeres los presentan en mayor proporción (40,1%). Los mayores que viven solos presentan en mayor medida síntomas de depresión 26,6% frente al 16,1% (p= 0,011). La buena autopercepción de la salud se relaciona con menor proporción de síntomas depresivos y en relación a la fragilidad, los individuos no frágiles presentan síntomas depresivos en menor proporción (12,1%) que los frágiles (30,8%) y los prefragiles (57%) p<0,05. Los aspectos negativos en las relaciones sociales obtienen una puntuación media menor (0,003) en los individuos sin síntomas depresivos (p=0.006) Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos y el sexo, autopercepción de salud, convivencia y fragilidad.Palabras clave: Depresión, Anciano, anciano frágil, factores de riesgo. ABSTRACT:Introduction: Depression in older adults is a major health problem, and it is considered the most common psychiatric disorder among this population in developing countries. It is associated with suffering and increased prevalence and poor evolution of health problems. The aim of the present study Enfermería GlobalNº 55 Julio 2019 Página 59was to determine the prevalence of depression and related factors in people over the age of 75 years in the city of Castellón de la Plana, Spain. Methodology: This was an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study in which a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 400 community-dwelling older adults over the age of 75 and who were selected using purposive sampling in 2015.Results: the overall prevalence of depression symptoms was 30.5%, a percentage higher among women (40.1%). Older adults living alone presented more symptoms of depression, 26.6% compared with 16.1% (p = 0.011). Good self-perceived health was related to fewer depression symptoms. Nonfrail individuals presented lower rates of depression symptoms (12.1%) than frail (30.8%), and pre-frail individuals (57%) p<0.05. Negative aspects in social relationships showed a lower mean score (0.003) in individuals without depression symptoms (p = 0.006). ...

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa basada en el análisis causaraíz (ACR) de efectos adversos (EA) sobre las actitudes relacionadas con la seguridad del paciente en estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería.