The tropical montane cloud forest is an important reservoir of the diversity of Mexican ascomycetes. We cite and describe 17 species that had not been recorded in this vegetation type. Fifteen of them are new records for Mexico. Some of these species are associated with angiosperms and some with other fungi. Ongoing efforts are required to carry out floristic, taxonomic, phylogenetic and ecological studies of this group of fungi in such a diverse ecosystem that is cataloged as threatened.
Periconia citlaltepetlensis sp. nov. is the first record of a fungus identified to species level from high elevation volcanic glacier in Mexico. It is a novel dothideomycete species supported by morphological, cultural characters and phylogenetic analysis (nucleotide sequences data rDNA analysis). The new species is characterized by conidiophores often with 2–4 enteroblastic, percurrent proliferations, large, globose, golden brown or reddish brown conidia that are borne singly or in basipetal chains, verrucose to irregular lobate crests, born singly or in basipetal chains of two conidia; acropetally proliferating; conidiogenesis holoblastic. The morphology of P. citlaltepetlensis is compared to other Periconia species and a detailed description and morphological illustrations are provided.
Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Actualmente, se reconocen 21 especies adscritas al género Rhytidhysteron. En México sólo se ha reportado Rhytidhysteron rufulum. El género se caracteriza por sus histerotecios naviculares a apoteciales, el borde es estriado o liso; los colores del epitecio varían de anaranjado-rojizo, amarillo, verde a negros y las ascosporas presentan tres septos longitudinales. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión taxonómica del género Rhytidhysteron en México, basada en caracteres macro y micromorfológicos.Métodos: Se realizaron diez exploraciones entre 2017 y 2019 en diversas regiones de México. Además, se revisaron los especímenes depositados en la colección de hongos del herbario ENCB. Los ejemplares fueron estudiados, descritos y determinados de acuerdo con las técnicas tradicionales en micología. Resultados clave: Se revisaron 381 especímenes pertenecientes al género Rhytidhysteron, de los cuales se determinaron cuatro especies: Rhytidhysteron neohysterinum, una nueva especie para la ciencia, R. neorufulum y R. thailandicum que son nuevos registros para el país, y R. rufulum previamente citado.Conclusiones: El género Rhytidhysteron tiene una alta diversidad de especies en México. La mayoría de los especímenes se han encontrado sobre ramas en descomposición, principalmente en géneros de la familia Fabaceae en bosque tropical caducifolio, lo que podría sugerir que este grupo de plantas representa el microhábitat al que las especies de Rhytidhysteron se han adaptado.Palabras clave: distribución, histerotecio, Hysteriales, nueva especie, taxonomía. Abstract: Background and Aims: Currently, 21 species associated with the genus Rhytidhysteron are recognized. In Mexico, only Rhytidhysteron rufulum has been reported. The genus is characterized by its navicular to apotecial histerothecia, the margin is striate or smooth; the colours of the epithecium vary from orange-reddish, yellow, green to black and its ascospores present three longitudinal septa. The objective of this study is to carry out a taxonomic review of the genus Rhytidhysteron in Mexico, based on macro- and micromorphological characters.Methods: Ten exploration trips were realized between 2017 to 2019 in several regions of Mexico. In addition, the specimens deposited in the fungus collection of the ENCB herbarium were reviewed. The specimens were studied, described and determined according to traditional mycological techniques.Key results: 381 specimens belonging to the genus Rhytidhysteron were reviewed, of which four species were determined: R. neohysterinum, a new species for science, R. neorufulum and R. thailandicum, new records for the country, and the previously cited R. rufulum.Conclusions: The genus Rhytidhysteron has a high diversity of species in Mexico. Most specimens have been found on decomposing branches, mainly of genera of the Fabaceae family in tropical dry forest, which suggest that this group of plants represent the microhabitat to which Rhytidhysteron species have best adapted.Key words: distribution, Hysteriales, hysterothecium, new species, taxonomy.
Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Unguiculariopsis de la clase Leotiomycetes dentro de Ascomycota se caracteriza por formar apotecios inconspicuos de hasta 2 mm de diámetro, con una superficie formada por pelos en forma de gancho, ascas inoperculadas, inamiloides y ascosporas globosas, subglobosas a elipsoidales, hialinas con gútulas. Son hongos fungícolas que presentan especificidad por el hospedero; en el presente estudio se tiene por objetivo reportar a Unguiculariopsis ravenelii por primera vez en México.Métodos: Los especímenes estudiados están depositados en el herbario ENCB del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México. Los materiales fueron revisados en fresco y en seco, se describieron macro morfológicamente usando un estereoscopio, fotografías tomadas in situ y micro morfológicamente con un microscopio óptico. Se identificaron con claves y literatura especializada.Resultados clave: Se presenta la descripción de Unguiculariopsis ravenelii de México, una especie que se caracteriza por ser micoparásita y por formar apotecios gregarios sobre Rhytidhysteron rufulum. Conclusiones: Esta especie se distribuye en bosque tropical caducifolio y produce sus esporomas durante la temporada de lluvias en los estados de Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Tabasco y Tamaulipas en la región Neotropical de México.
A novel dothideomycete species, Rhytidhysteron mexicanum, is described and illustrated supported by morphological and cultural characters and a phylogenetic analysis (rDNA nucleotide data set). The new species is characterized when immature by boat-shaped hysterothecia (2–4 mm long × 1.5–2.5 mm wide). In mature stage, 2.5–4 mm apothecia with fluted margins remain the same when dry. The epithecium is yellowish green to pistachio green, becoming ocher in the presence of 10% KOH. Ascospores are 34–40(–44) × 10–12(–15) µm, and reddish brown. The morphology of R. mexicanum is compared with other Rhytidhysteron species. A dichotomous key is provided to the five species of Rhytidhysteron known from Mexico.
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