The paper presents the results of the researches performed by the authors between 2000-2019 regarding the biology and the ecology of the species Turdus pilaris L. in the western half of Romania.The extension of the territory, breeding, clutch size, behaviour, number of generations , the phenology and food were studied. The height of nests above the ground varied till to 20 meters in a different trees. The nest is cup – shaped and the material of construction is extremely different : moss, roots, dry twigs, ground mixed with grass, herbs. It presents 2 -3 yearly generations, a complete clutch consists of 5 – 6 eggs. The post – embrionic development lasts 12 – 16 days. The phenology is different : in high hilly and the mountainous areas the species is sedentary, in low hilly and plain areas the species is partial – migratory or passage or in many times winter visitor. The food is extremely different: insects, fruits, worms, spiders, molusca, little mammals.
The paper presents new observations about the phenological anomalies regarding the flowering of spontaneous and cultivated plants from different parts of Romania during the period 2010-2019.The consequences of global warming, these anomalies have become more proeminent particularly in the last eight years (2013-2019) being observed in 36 species of spontaneous and cultivated plants. Flowering extension were observed, sometimes even supplementary flowerings, fecundation and even fructification, in the cold season (November-December) and are due to the positive temperatures from the cold season and the high temperatures from spring. Most phenological anomalies were observed in the following botanical families:
The paper presents the researches about the phenological anomalies and other curiosities regarding the nesting of birds from the western half of Romania during 1996-2020. These anomalies and curiosities were observed at 36 bird species belonging to 31 genera. The majority of these data are not mentioned in the scientific literature. During the analyzed period the following phenological anomalies and other curiosities were founded: additional clutches at 13 species: premature generation at 1 species, delayed generations at 1 species, copula and mating rituals in the cold season at 2 species, additional number of eggs in a clutch at 5 species, confirmation of additional generations at 2 species, little number of eggs at 1 species, curiosities regarding the location of the nest or its height relative to the ground at 6 species, additional generations (with chicks) at 15 species. If these climatic changes persist or worsen, phenological abnormalities in nesting of birds will be observed in a larger number of species and the phenological categories in which they are included will change.
In this work are presented data about the fauna of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera) from Tulca area, Bihor county during the period 2009 – 2021. There were recorded 69 species belonging to 8 subfamilies, 35 genera, and 10 chromatic varieties. The identified species are relatively common in the Romanian fauna, representing 12.02 % of the total species from Romania. Some species, through the attacked host plants, can be harmful to agriculture and forestry: Crioceris duodecimpunctata L., Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Chrysomela populi L., Chrysomela vigintipunctata Scop., Plagiodera versicolora Laich., Gonioctena fornicata Bruggm., Phratora vitellinae L., Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte, the species belonging to Phyllotretta genus, Crepidodera aurata Marsh., Crepidodera aurea Geoffr. The multitude of the number of species on a relatively small territory in terms of surface shows the great variety of plant species with which they feed but also the fact that the area is unpollued, being an argument for protecting nature in the future of this area.
In this paper there were presented data about the invertebrates from the Bihor County, during 2021 – 2022. There were recorded 82 species belonging to 5 classes, 13 orders and 76 genera. There were obtained ecological data of these species, unknown in the scientific literature. The premature appearance of the species Pieris rapae L was observed about a month earlier then the period mentioned in the scientific literature. Many species in various stages of development have been observed to be active during the cold season, due to the relatively high temperatures recorded during this period, as a consequence of global warming. The recorded data contribute to the deepening of knowledge about the ecology and spread of these species at the national level, some species being probably mentioned for the first time in the fauna of Bihor County. Most of the species observed are relatively common nationally. In terms of geographical spread, most species are European, others have a wider distribution, being cosmopolitan.
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