Since 2013, outbreaks of disease caused by duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) have been observed in layer and broiler duck farms in Thailand. The virus is closely related to Chinese DTMUVs and belongs to the Ntaya group of mosquitoborne flaviviruses. These findings represent the emergence of DTMUV in ducks in Thailand.
A swine influenza outbreak occurred on a commercial pig farm in Thailand. Outbreak investigation indicated that pigs were co-infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and seasonal influenza (H1N1) viruses. No evidence of gene reassortment or pig-to-human transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was found during the outbreak.
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) infected cases have increasingly been observed in several duck farms in Thailand since its first report in 2013. However, information on the genetic characteristic of DTMUVs recently circulating in ducks in Thailand is limited. In this study, we investigated the geographic distribution and genetic characteristic of DTMUVs recently circulating in ducks in Thailand during 2015-2017. Of the 288 clinical samples obtained from 89 ducks farms located in duck raising areas of Thailand, 65 samples (22.57%) of 34 duck farms (38.20%) were DTMUV positive. Our results demonstrated that DTMUV was extensively distributed in duck raising areas of Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis of the E and NS5 genes revealed that DTMUVs circulating in Thailand were divided into three distinct clusters, including cluster 1, subcluster 2.1 and a novel cluster 3. Among these three clusters, subcluster 2.1 was a predominant cluster of DTMUV circulating in duck populations in Thailand during 2015-2017. It is interesting to note that a novel cluster of DTMUV (cluster 3), which was genetically different from any of the previously reported DTMUV clusters, was first identified in this study. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the circulation of different clusters of DTMUV and the presence of a novel DTMUV cluster in ducks in Thailand. This study highlights the high genetic diversity of DTMUVs in Thailand and the necessity of the routine surveillance of DTMUV for early detection, prevention and control of newly emerging DTMUVs.
Background: A highly contagious respiratory disease in canines is infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough characterized by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The cause of kennel cough has been associated with multiple or complex agents such as canine adeno virus (CAV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine para influenzavirus (CPIV). Objective: Study the prevalence of canine respiratory viruses detected from in Thailand during 2008-2009. Methods: Nasal swab samples collected from 102 healthy dogs and 109 dogs with respiratory diseases. Then CAV, CIV, CDV, and CPIV were detected by in-house nested PCR and further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Results: Nested PCR showed that primers designed and used in this study yielded high specificity without any non-specific amplification. The prevalence of CAV, CIV, CDV and CPIV in healthy dogs was 0%, 2.94%, 2.94%, and 0.98%, whereas that found in dogs with respiratory diseases was 9.17%, 1.83%, 2.75%, and 11.93%, respectively. In healthy dogs, co-infection with CPIV + CDV was detected in only 0.98%. On the other hand, dogs with respiratory symptoms showed multiple infections with CAV + CIV in 1.83%, CIV + CPIV in 0.92%, CAV + CPIV in 1.83%, and CAV + CDV + CPIV in 0.92%. Conclusion: The prevalence data obtained from this study may be useful for outbreak preventions and to raise awareness of potential transmission of the newly emerged canine influenza virus to humans.
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