The largest part of direct costs in diabetes mellitus healthcare composes hospital inpatient care and covered drugs expenditures. In our study we observed that the presence of microvascular, macrovascular chronic complication increased the direct cost per patient, compared with patients without complications.
Psychosocial, but not clinical, factors were the prevalent predictive factors in impaired HRQL. Early identification of women that are at risk of poorer HRQL and interventions of psychosocial support following breast cancer diagnosis are recommended.
The direct BC medical cost estimates provided by this analysis can be used to determine priorities for the future research on BC treatment interventions.
Background The attitudes towards obesity may have an important role on healthier behavior. The goal of the present study was to explore the attitudes towards obesity and to investigate how these attitudes were associated with lifestyle-changing behavior among the patients attending primary care centers, health care professionals and public health experts. Methods This cross-sectional survey study was performed in 10 primary care offices in different regions in Lithuania and in 2 public health institutions. Nine hundred thirty-four patients, 97 nurses, 65 physicians and 30 public health experts have filled the questionnaire about attitudes towards obesity and presented data about lifestyle-changing activities during last 12 months. The attitudes were compared between different respondent groups and factors associated with healthier behaviors were analyzed among overweight/obese individuals in our study population. Results Participants failed to visually recognize correct figure corresponding to male and female with obesity. Majority of respondents’ perceived obesity as a risk factor for heart diseases and diabetes but had less knowledge about other diseases associated with weight. About one third of respondents changed their lifestyle during last 12 months. Overweight individuals with age < 45 years (OR 1.64, 1.06–2.55; p = 0.025) were more likely and those who overestimated current weight (OR 0.44, 0.20–0.96; p = 0.036) less likely to change their lifestyle. Disappointment with their current weight (OR 2.57, 1.36–4.84; p = 0.003) was associated with healthier behavior among participants with obesity. Conclusion Participants had similar body size perception and knowledge about obesity. Younger age had significant association with lifestyle changing behavior among overweight individuals and disappointment with current weight among obese participants.
Background: Shoulder pain is prominent among sedentary employees who make motions of the upper limbs on a regular basis. Rounded shoulder posture (RSP) and hunched shoulder posture (HSP) are the most common clinical postural misalignments. These causes the spine to bend and raise tension on the nerve roots, which has a negative impact on upper-extremity muscular strength and function. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of RSP and HSP on the mechanical parameters of the upper body muscles in clinically asymptomatic sedentary workers. Methods: Twenty office workers with RSP, 20 with HSP, and 20 with normal shoulder posture (NSP) were matched for age, BMI, and type of job. Volunteers were split into groups based on photometric shoulder angle measurements. Mechanical properties such as muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, posterior deltoid, and pectoralis major were assessed in sedentary postures. Results: The study revealed a significant decrease in muscle tone for the pectoralis major and a significant increase in muscle stiffness for the poster deltoid in both RSP and HSP as compared to NSP. Specifically, muscle tone decreased from 20.1 ± 4.0 to 12.4 ± 3.1 Hz (38.3%), (p ≤ 0.001) in RSP and from 20.1 ± 4.0 to 14.0 ± 4.8 Hz (30.3%), (p ≤ 0.001) in HSP. Muscle stiffness increased from 309.9 ± 70.7 to 348.15 ± 68.7 N/m (11%), (p ≤ 0.001) in RSP and from 309.9 ± 70.7 to 441.7 ± 45.9 N/m (29.8%), (p ≤ 0.001) in HSP. Conclusions: RSP and HSP have an impact on the tone, stiffness, and elasticity of upper body muscles in healthy asymptomatic sedentary workers. These postures, on a regular basis, may affect physical health and decrease workers’ productivity. In addition, it is recommended for sedentary workers to take regular breaks and attend training that could help improve their physical health.
Vėžys yra liga, kurią sukelia nekontroliuojamas ląstelių augimas. Kiekviena onkologinė liga turi specifinius rizikos veiksnius, diagnostiką, gydymą ir profilaktiką. Prognozuojama, kad 2020 m. Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose bus diagnozuota 1 806 590 naujų vėžio atvejų ir teigiama, kad galima išvengti 42 proc. vėžinių ligų koreguojant rizikos veiksnius. Šiame moksliniame tyrime apžvelgiamos naujausios profilaktikos priemonės onkologinių ligų prevencijai.
Objective. Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women. The purpose of this article is to find out the ways how to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Methods. The systematic review was based on PRISMA guidelines. Database was performed by using PubMed, Cochrane Library. There were analyzed 16 articles. Results. It was found correlation between the risk of breast cancer and the Mediterranean diet ((RR)=0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.21 to 0.88, n=1 study) (RR=0.92, 95% CI=0.87 to 0.96, n=16 studies); citrus fruits ((OR) = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.85–0.96; p < 0.001), cruciferous vegetables (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77–0.94), mushrooms (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91–0.97 for postmenopausal women; RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.91–1.00 for premenopausal women); physical activity (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.85, 0.90); breast feeding (OR = 0.025); being ever pregnant (OR = 0.018). Conclusion. The main preventive methods of breast cancer are following Mediterranean and vegetarian diets, consumption of cruciferous vegetables, citrus fruits, soy, mushrooms and physical activity. Further research is needed.
Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti sergančiųjų 2 tipo cukriniu diabetu gyvensenos įpročius ir su gyvenimo kokybe susijusius veiksnius.Tyrimometodai.Tyrimo tipas –momentinis. Tyrimometu buvo atlikta vienmomentinė anketinė tiriamųjų apklausa. Tyrime dalyvavo 105 asmenys, kurie serga 2 tipoCD ir gydosi Lietuvos sveikatosmokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų (toliau –Kauno klinikos) Šeimosmedicinos klinikoje.Atsako dažnis – 100 proc. Tyrimo klausimyną sudaro dvi dalys. Pirma dalis: sociodemografiniai, gyvensenos įpročiai, ligos duomenys; antra dalis – ADDQoL19 klausimynas, vertinantis su cukriniu diabetu susijusią gyvenimo kokybę. Rezultatai. Tyrime dalyvavo 105 asmenys, 55 vyrai ir 50 moterų. Dauguma apklaustųjų (40,0 proc.) buvo vyresni nei 65 metų. Daugiau nei pusei apklaustųjų (53,3 proc.) buvo diagnozuotas nutukimas. 15,2 proc. respondentų rūkė, 76,2 proc. vartojo alkoholį. 46,2 proc. respondentų paskutinis HbA1c rezultatas buvo <7. Per savaitę 44,8 proc. respondentų dažniausiai fizine veikla užsiimdavo 3–4 kartus, 46,7 proc. dažniausiai būdavo fiziškai aktyvūs >2 val. Daugiau nei du trečdaliai respondentų (77,1 proc.) atsakė, kad, susirgus CD, pakito mitybos įpročiai. Sergantieji 2 tipoCD savo dabartinę gyvenimo kokybę įvertino pakankamai negatyviai (vidurkis – 0,457 (SN – 0,855, reikšmės -3 – +3)). Liga didžiausią neigiamą įtaką turėjo šioms sergančiųjų gyvenimo sritims: „seksualinis gyvenimas“ ir „laisvė valgyti, ką nori“, omažiausiai šioms sritims: „draugystė ir socialinis gyvenimas“. Įvertinus veiksnius, susijusius su tiriamųjų gyvenimo kokybe, nustatyta, kad gyvenimo kokybė buvo geresnė asmenų, kurių amžius buvo daugiau nei 65 metai (p=0,003), segančių mažiau nei dviem gretutinėmis ligomis (p=0,006), neturinčių lėtinių CD komplikacijų (p=0,001), bei esant gerai ligos kontrolei (HbA1c <7) (p=0,02). Geresnė gyvenimo kokybė buvo asmenų, kurie nerūkė (p>0,001), buvo fiziškai aktyvūs (p>0,001) ir jų fizinis aktyvumas buvo ne trumpesnis nei 1 val. per savaitę (p=0,001) bei asmenų, kurie bandė sumažinti kūno svorį (p>0,001) ir jiems pavyko, taip pat tų, kurių svorismažėjo per pastaruosius 12mėn. (p>0,001). Išvados.Daugiau nei pusei apklaustųjų buvo diagnozuotas nutukimas. Dažniausios lėtinės ligos buvo arterinė hipertenzija, stuburo ir sąnarių, akių ligos. Diabetinė retinopatija, nefropatija ir neuropatija buvo dažniausios CD komplikacijos vyrų ir moterų grupėse. Įvertinus paskutinį HbA1c rezultatą, nustatyta, kad pusės respondentų CD buvo gerai kontroliuojamas. Kiekvieną savaitę fizine veikla užsiima du trečdaliai respondentų.Dauguma respondentų per pastaruosius 12mėn. vartojamažiau riebalų, druskos, cukraus, valgo reguliariau, vartoja daugiau daržovių. Sergantieji 2 tipo CD savo dabartinę gyvenimo kokybę įvertino pakankamai negatyviai. Liga labiausiai neigiamai paveikė šias sergančiųjų gyvenimo sritis: „seksualinis gyvenimas“ ir „laisvė valgyti, ką nori“, omažiausiai šias sritis: „draugystė ir socialinis gyvenimas“. Gyvensenos įpročiai ir jų pokyčiai buvo susiję su geresne gyvenimo kokybe.
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