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Three new compounds, 5 alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3beta-hydroxy-26-al (1), 5 alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-15 alpha-26-dihydroxy-3-one (2), and 8 alpha,9 alpha-epoxy-4,4,14 alpha-trimethyl-3,7,11,15,20-pentaoxo-5 alpha-pregnane (3), were isolated from Ganoderma concinna along with 12 known compounds. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of MS and NMR studies. The structure of 3 was determined by MS, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, as indicated by examining the morphological features of cells and detection of DNA fragmentation by gel electrophoresis.

Two new lanostanoids lucidadiol (1) and lucidal (2), were isolated from an ethanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidum, together with the known compounds ganodermadiol; ganodermenonol; ganoderic acid DM, ergosterol, 22,23-dihydroergosterol; ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one; fungisterol; ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one; and ergosterol peroxide. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined based on spectral evidence.

A new lanostanoid triterpene, 3-oxosulfurenic acid (1), together with three known triterpenes (3, 4, and 7) were isolated from the fruit bodies of Laetiporus sulphureus. Cytotoxicity of these compounds and their derivatives (2, 5, and 6) was evaluated on HL-60 cells. Further studies revealed that acetyl eburicoic acid (5) was the most potent apoptosis inducer. Apoptosis was accompanied by both the activation of caspase-3 and the fragmentation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and was also associated with an early release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria.

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Macrocyclic polyaminals l,3,6,.1 3 8 ]dodecane 1, 1:3,7:9,13:15,9:21 -tetramethyleneperhydro pyrimidine 2, and 6H, I3H-5:12,7:14-dimethanedibenzo[d,i] [l,3,6,8]tetrazecine 3 react at room temperature with benzotriazole to give symmetrical imidazolidine, perhydropyrimidine and 2,3-dihydrobenzimidazole, respectively. Such aminals also react with cyanide to produce symmetric l,3-bis(cyanomethyl)imidazolidine 4b, l,3-bis(cyanomethyl)perhydropyrimidine 5b and 1,3-bis (cyanomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzimidazoIe 6b.

The title compound, C3H6N4O2, exhibits partial disorder with the refined occupancy ratios of the two components being 0.582 (5):0.418 (5). In the major component, the nitroso groups have a relative syn spatial arrangement [O=N⋯N=O pseudo-torsion angle = 1.1 (4)°], whereas the other component has an anti disposition [177.6 (1)°]. The N—N=O moieties are almost coplanar with a dihedral angle of 5.3 (3)°, while in the minor occupied set of atoms, this angle is 8 (1)°. In both components, the imidazolidine ring adopts a twisted conformation on the C—C bond and the crystal structure shows the strain of this ring according to the N—CH2—CH2—N torsion angles [25.9 (5) and −23.8 (7)°]. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

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