-(Cryptogams of the "Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga", São Paulo, SP. Algae, 30: Chlorophyceae (família Scenedesmaceae). Taxonomic survey of representatives of family Scenedesmaceae (Chlorophyceae) in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brazil. Twelve genera (Crucigenia, Crucigeniella, Desmodesmus, Didymogenes, Dimorphococcus, Pseudodidymocystis, Pseudotetrastrum, Scenedesmus, Tetrachlorella, Tetrallantos, Tetrastrum and Westella), 47 species and 11 varieties that are not the typical of their respective species were identified. Genus represented by the greatest number of taxa was Desmodesmus, with 16 species and seven varieties that are not typical of their respective species. Followed Scenedesmus with 14 species and four non-typical varieties.
RESUMO(Coleção de microalgas de ambientes dulciaquícolas naturais da Bahia, Brasil, como potencial fonte para a produção de biocombustíveis: uma abordagem taxonômica). O presente trabalho envolveu a identificação taxonômica de espécies nativas de microalgas (isoladas de ecossistemas dulciaquícolas localizados nos arredores de Salvador, Bahia) integrantes da Coleção de Microalgas dulciaquícolas do LABIOMAR/IB/UFBA, visando estudos taxonômicos mais aprofundados (ultraestruturais e moleculares) e experimentos que possam avaliar sua capacidade para suprir cadeias produtivas de biocombustíveis. ABSTRACT(Collection of microalgae from natural freshwater environments of Bahia, Brazil, as a potential source for biofuel production: a taxonomic approach). This study identified native species of microalgae (maintained at LABIOMAR/IB/ UFBA Collection of Freshwater Microalgae) to indicate their potential to supply the biofuel production chain. Samples were collected in freshwater ecosystems around Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Species identification was based in morphological characteristics. Nineteen species were isolated and identified, 12 at the level of species and nine at the level of genus: 14 Chlorophyceae (Chlamydomonas sp1, Chlamydomonas sp2, Chlamydomonas sp3, Chlamydocapsa bacillus (Teiling) Fott, Chlorococcum sp1, Chlorococcum sp2, Coelastrum indicum Turn. Coelastrum microporum Nägeli, Desmodesmus brasiliensis (Bohl.) Hegew, Scenedesmum obliquus (Turpin) Kütz, Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs, Ankistrodesmus fusiformis Corda, Kirchneriella lunaris (Kirchner.) Möbius, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) F. Hindák), three Trebouxiophyceae (Botryococcus braunii Kütz., Botryococcus terribilis Komárek et Marvan and Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck), one Bacillariophyceae (Nitzschia sp.) and one Cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp.).
The genus Botryococcus comprises a group of cosmopolitan species of freshwater colonial green algae, some of which synthesize and accumulate an unusually high level (15-76%) of liquid hydrocarbons. This characteristic suggests the possibility of exploiting species from this group as renewable sources for jet fuel. An oil-rich strain of Botryococcus (Trebouxiophyceae) was isolated from a freshwater pond in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and is presently maintained under standard conditions at the Culture Collection of the Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia. The taxonomic classification of the species was based on light microscopy (LM); and TEM and SEM were used to better characterize its features, which have never before been described at this level. The LM characterization included the size of the colonies (35.7-157 μm) and cells (8-10 × 5-9 μm) and their connection in sub-colonies by mucilaginous strands, as well as the presence of mucilaginous processes on the periphery of some of the colonies, with most of the cells included inside the colony. Reproduction occurred through divisions into two to four autospores. These features characterized the species as Botryococcus terribilis Komárek and Marvan. The TEM study showed, in addition to the presence of starch grains, pyrenoids that are penetrated by thick thylakoids. The pyrenoid bodies appear as electron-dense protein inclusions located in the chloroplast and surrounded by a starch sheath. These structures, which contain most if not all of the Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase in several algal species that have been studied closely, are newly discovered for this species.
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