Universitas Indonesia has developed several electric vehicles, one of which is an electric bus. In order to fulfill the local content of this vehicle, reverse engineering of the R260 ladder frame type chassis is carried out. In this paper, to fulfill the local content, we used material of the ladder frame is type SS400 from PT. Krakatau Steel. After the model was created successfully with finite element software, a dynamic analysis was carried out by taking the 5 lowest frequencies from the simulation results. Loading is carried out evenly over the two main beam ladder frames totaling 14, 200 kg. The support placed in the mounting position of the front and rear wheel leaf springs. The distance of the front overhang is 2380 mm, the wheelbase is 6000 mm, and the rear overhang is 3290 mm. The resulting approach is carried out assuming a three-beam and two-overhang beam model. The five lowest frequencies are 11, 798 Hz, 21, 009 Hz, 23, 876 Hz, 30.84 Hz, and 36, 473 Hz, respectively.
Nowadays, a concept of tilting three-wheel vehicle is introduced, one of which is the electric tilting tricycle to provide an alternative mode of transportation. Some of the tilting tricycle design usinga tadpole trike configuration and it needs an adequate steering system that can be synergized with tilting mechanism. The steering mechanism follows the Ackermann steering geometry. Usage of Ackermann geometry means applying a mechanism of trapezoidal four-bar linkage to the tricycle. To create and maintain the simple trapezoid shape, Triple Ball Tie-rod model, a single rod which supports three ball joints, is proposed. Since the capabilities of the model are yet to be proven, this research evaluates the usageof a tie-rod model to find out its capabilities to support the works of the steering mechanism of the tricycle. The measurements are conducted after the simulation of the 3D model to extract some data such as maximum lean angle and inner and outer steering angles. Another simulation using regular tie-rod model also conducted with the same method for comparison purposes. The results of the study are maximum allowed tilting angle and generated Ackermann steering angles. Each designed models have their respectiveadvantages.
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