Background A substantial amount of COVID-19–related data is generated by Twitter users every day. Self-reports of COVID-19 symptoms on Twitter can reveal a great deal about the disease and its prevalence in the community. In particular, self-reports can be used as a valuable resource to learn more about common symptoms and whether their order of appearance differs among different groups in the community. These data may be used to develop a COVID-19 risk assessment system that is tailored toward a specific group of people. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the most common symptoms reported by patients with COVID-19, as well as the order of symptom appearance, by examining tweets in Arabic. Methods We searched Twitter posts in Arabic for personal reports of COVID-19 symptoms from March 1 to May 27, 2020. We identified 463 Arabic users who had tweeted about testing positive for COVID-19 and extracted the symptoms they associated with the disease. Furthermore, we asked them directly via personal messaging to rank the appearance of the first 3 symptoms they had experienced immediately before (or after) their COVID-19 diagnosis. Finally, we tracked their Twitter timeline to identify additional symptoms that were mentioned within ±5 days from the day of the first tweet on their COVID-19 diagnosis. In total, 270 COVID-19 self-reports were collected, and symptoms were (at least partially) ranked. Results The collected self-reports contained 893 symptoms from 201 (74%) male and 69 (26%) female Twitter users. The majority (n=270, 82%) of the tracked users were living in Saudi Arabia (n=125, 46%) and Kuwait (n=98, 36%). Furthermore, 13% (n=36) of the collected reports were from asymptomatic individuals. Of the 234 users with symptoms, 66% (n=180) provided a chronological order of appearance for at least 3 symptoms. Fever (n=139, 59%), headache (n=101, 43%), and anosmia (n=91, 39%) were the top 3 symptoms mentioned in the self-reports. Additionally, 28% (n=65) reported that their COVID-19 experience started with a fever, 15% (n=34) with a headache, and 12% (n=28) with anosmia. Of the 110 symptomatic cases from Saudi Arabia, the most common 3 symptoms were fever (n=65, 59%), anosmia (n=46, 42%), and headache (n=42, 38%). Conclusions This study identified the most common symptoms of COVID-19 from tweets in Arabic. These symptoms can be further analyzed in clinical settings and may be incorporated into a real-time COVID-19 risk estimator.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the most common symptoms reported by covid-19 patients in the Arabic language and order the symptoms appearance based on the collected data. Methods: We search the Arabic content of Twitter for personal reports of covid-19 symptoms from March 1st to May 27th, 2020. We identify 463 Arabic users who tweeted testing positive for covid-19 and extract the symptoms they publicly associate with covid-19. Furthermore, we ask them directly through personal messages to opt in and rank the appearance of the first three symptoms they experienced right before (or after) diagnosed with covid-19. Finally, we track their Twitter timeline to identify additional symptoms that were mentioned within +-5 days from the day of tweeting having covid-19. In summary, a list of 270 covid-19 reports were collected and symptoms were (at least partially) ranked from early to late. Results: The collected reports contained roughly 900 symptoms originated from 74% (n=201) male and 26% (n=69) female Twitter users. The majority (82%) of the tracked users were living in Saudi Arabia (46%) and Kuwait (36%). Furthermore, 13% (n=36) of the collected reports were asymptomatic. Out of the users with symptoms (n=234), 66% (n=180) provided a chronological order of appearance for at least three symptoms. Fever 59% (n=139), Headache 43% (n=101), and Anosmia 39% (n=91) were found to be the top three symptoms mentioned by the reports. They count also for the top-3 common first symptoms in a way that 28% (n=65) said their covid journey started with a Fever, 15% (n=34) with a Headache and 12% (n=28) with Anosmia. Out of the Saudi symptomatic reported cases (n=110), the most common three symptoms were Fever 59% (n=65), Anosmia 42% (n=46), and Headache 38% (n=42).

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Background Trauma is considered a significant public health problem worldwide. Abdominal trauma is generally divided into blunt and penetrating. Blunt trauma could affect any organ, and the sequelae of such injury may not always be clinically apparent. Liver injury is one of abdominal trauma's most critical and fundamental complications. We aimed to investigate the mechanism, type, and extent of injuries for patients with liver trauma and compare the outcomes between operative and non-operative management. Methods This retrospective study analyzed data of patients with liver injuries who presented to King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University from 2016 to 2022. Management included conservative, conservative to laparotomy, laparotomy, and interventional radiological procedures, including hepatic artery angioembolization and percutaneous transhepatic drainage. Injury severity was graded based on the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) liver injury scale. Results We analyzed 45 liver injury patients, with mean age of 29.3 years and most of them being male (77.8%). The most common injury mechanism was blunt trauma (86.7%), whereas penetrating injuries accounted only for 8.9% of cases. The most dominant type of injury was laceration (95.6%), followed by contusion (28.9%). Regarding liver injury severity, the majority of patients (37.8%) had a grade 3 injury level as per AAST liver injury scale. Among all patients, 31 (68.9%) were hemodynamically stable, whereas 14 patients (31.1%) were unstable, with a mortality rate of 2.2%. Most patients (82.2%) underwent conservative management. Six patients (13.3%) require surgical laparotomy. Two patients (4.4%) who underwent conservative management first needed surgical laparotomy. The complication rate was 24.4%, with delirium being the most common (6, 13.3%), followed by fever and sepsis (3, 6.7%) and acute renal failure, pneumonia, cardiac arrest, biliary leaks, meningitis/seizures, which were all reported in a subset of patients. Conclusions Liver trauma is considered a significant public health problem worldwide. The management of traumatic liver injuries has evolved significantly over the years, with the addition of interventional radiological modalities, a more inclined approach toward non-operative management.

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BACKGROUND Massive amount of covid-19 related data is generated everyday by Twitter users. Self-reports of covid-19 symptoms on Twitter can reveal a great deal about the disease and its prevalence in the community. In particular, self-reports can be used as a valuable resource to learn more about the common symptoms and whether their order of appearance differs among different groups in the community. With sufficient available data, this has the potential of developing a covid-19 risk- assessment system that is tailored toward specific group of people. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify the most common symptoms reported by covid-19 patients in the Arabic language and order the symptoms appearance based on the collected data. METHODS We search the Arabic content of Twitter for personal reports of covid-19 symptoms from March 1st to May 27th, 2020. We identify 463 Arabic users who tweeted testing positive for covid-19 and extract the symptoms they publicly associate with covid-19. Furthermore, we ask them directly through personal messages to opt in and rank the appearance of the first three symptoms they experienced right before (or after) diagnosed with covid-19. Finally, we track their Twitter timeline to identify additional symptoms that were mentioned within +-5 days from the day of tweeting having covid-19. In summary, a list of 270 covid-19 reports were collected and symptoms were (at least partially) ranked from early to late. RESULTS The collected reports contained roughly 900 symptoms originated from 74% (n=201) male and 26% (n=69) female Twitter users. The majority (82%) of the tracked users were living in Saudi Arabia (46%) and Kuwait (36%). Furthermore, 13% (n=36) of the collected reports were asymptomatic. Out of the users with symptoms (n=234), 66% (n=180) provided a chronological order of appearance for at least three symptoms. Fever 59% (n=139), Headache 43% (n=101), and Anosmia 39% (n=91) were found to be the top three symptoms mentioned by the reports. They count also for the top-3 common first symptoms in a way that 28% (n=65) said their covid journey started with a Fever, 15% (n=34) with a Headache and 12% (n=28) with Anosmia. Out of the Saudi symptomatic reported cases (n=110), the most common three symptoms were Fever 59% (n=65), Anosmia 42% (n=46), and Headache 38% (n=42). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Twitter is a valuable resource to analyze and identify COVID-19 early symptoms within the Arabic content of Twitter. It also suggests the possibility of developing a real-time covid-19 risk estimator based on the users’ tweets.