Five advection schemes are compared and evaluated in the context of biogeochemical modeling. Using three schemes of comparable quality that have been used in recent biogeochemical models, we found that new production estimates vary by as much as 30%. Test experiments are presented that explain the large discrepancies in terms of the different types of numerical errors inherent to each scheme. One scheme is suggested for eddy‐resolving models and another one for coarse resolution models.
-The Southern Adriatic Sea is one of the five prospective areas for CO 2 storage being evaluated under the FP7 European Sitechar project. The potential reservoir identified in the investigated area is represented by a carbonate formation (Scaglia Formation -Late Cretaceous). This paper shows the site characterization applied to one of the structures identified in the carbonate storage system of the South Adriatic offshore. The interpretation and analysis of seismic and borehole data allowed the construction of a 3D geological static model on both regional and local scales. Dynamic modeling was applied, adopting a sensitivity approach ( i.e. fault transmissivity, petrophysical properties of the caprock and reservoir, and different stress regimes). Coupled fluid flow and geomechanical simulation was applied to investigate the potential risk of leakage induced by mechanical solicitation on the faults occurring in the investigated area.Résumé -Évaluation et caractérisation d'un site de stockage potentiel de CO 2 au sud de la Mer Adriatique -Le sud de la Mer Adriatique est l'une des cinq zones potentielles pour le stockage du CO 2 évaluées dans le cadre du projet FP7 européen SiteChar. Le réservoir potentiel identifié dans la zone étudiée est constitué d'une formation de carbonate (Formation Scaglia -Crétacé supérieur). Cet article présente la caractérisation de site de stockage de CO 2 appliquée à l'une des structures identifiées dans les formations carbonatées du sud de la Mer Adriatique. L'interprétation et l'analyse des données sismiques et des données de forage ont permis la construction d'un modèle statique géologique 3D à des échelles régionale et locale. Une modélisation dynamique a été effectuée, intégrant une analyse de sensibilité (sur la transmittivité des failles, les propriétés pétro-physiques des roches couverture et réservoir, et différents régimes de contraintes). Une simulation couplée géomécanique et d'écoulement de fluide a été menée pour étudier le risque potentiel de fuite provoqué par les contraintes mécaniques sur les failles de la zone étudiée.
International audienceA short term performance assessment methodology under development and validation at the In Salah CO2 storage site is presented. The progressive approach first concludes of the necessity to consider a dual media reservoir system at Krechba to fit with gas reservoir production, CO2 injection and CO2 breakthrough at an old appraisal well (Kb-5). To improve gas migration prediction while also considering the geomechanical behavior of the site, an extended geomodel has been developed. Fluid pressure simulation results representative of the dual media reservoir model and of the simple medium upper layer ones (up to the water table) are used to initiate the geomechanical modeling. Comparison of the preliminary geomechanical simulation results assuming a poro-elastic behavior and InSAR satellite surface displacement data are coherent and in the same order of magnitude (∼20 millimeters at maximum displacement)
-The SiteChar research on the Southern Adriatic Sea site focused on the investigation of the geomechanical and hydrodynamic behaviour of the storage complex in the case of CO 2 injection in a reservoir consisting of fractured carbonate formations. Special attention was paid to the effects that natural faults and fractures might have on CO 2 migration, and the effects that injection might have on the stability of faults. This assessment was originally performed via a hydro-geomechanical oneway coupling which relies on an adequate representation of faults in the model, allowing one to simulate fluid flow along the fault plane and inside faults as well as evolution of the stress state due to CO 2 injection. The geological model was populated with petrophysical and geomechanical parameters derived either from laboratory measurements performed on samples from a reservoir analogue, or published literature. Since only sparse data were available, various scenarios were simulated to take into account the uncertainties in the fluid flow and geomechanical properties of the model: the different state of faults ( i.e., open or closed) and various in situ stress state, commonly named geostatic stresses as the earth's crust deformation is assumed to be slow regarding the shortterm study. Various fluid flow parameters were also considered, although only one set of petrophysical data corresponding to the most realistic ones is considered here. Faults modeled as volumetric elements behave as flow pathways for fluids when they are conductive. The injected CO 2 migrates inside and through the Rovesti fault, which is located near the injection well. The fluid flow also induces overpressure in the faults. The overpressure in the Rovesti fault reaches 2.2 MPa while it reaches 4.4 MPa at the bottom hole of the injector. Extending to about 30 km, the pore pressure field reaches the Gondola fault located at 15 km from the injection zone but the overpressure does not exceed 0.1 MPa at such a distance from the injection well. Using this overpressure as loading in the geomechanical model allows one to compute the effective stress variation in the whole geological model. The total effective stress is then computed by adding an estimation of the regional stress. Post-processing is performed to derive the likely damage of the faults according to the MohrCoulomb criterion. The results are illustrated on the Rovesti fault, which is located near the injection well and consequently the most likely to be reactivated. On the basis of available data, for all the modeled scenarios (various initial stress regimes, closed or open fault), no fault damage is observed, as the stress state stays below the Mohr-Coulomb criteria.Résumé -Couplage des modélisations hydrodynamique et géomécanique pour évaluer l'intégrité d'un stockage de CO 2 dans des structures faillées -Les travaux de recherche conduits dans le projet SiteChar sur le site situé en mer Adriatique sud se sont concentrés sur le comportement géomécanique des formations carbonates fracturé...
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