Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has materialized as a major research area for the last decade. Since the vehicular network does not have stable infrastructure the main focus remains on networking part, which is divided into clusters using clustering techniques to increase scalability of the network. This paper is a survey on heterogeneous approaches for a cluster based routing protocol that is used to make stable topology of unsteady vehicular networks.
Velocity of Detonation (VOD) is an important measure characteristics parameter of explosive material. The performance of explosive invariably depends on the velocity of detonation. The power/ strength of explosive to cause fragmentation of the solid structure determine the efficiency of the Blast performed. It is an established fact that measuring velocity of detonation gives a good indication of the strength and hence the performance of the explosive. In this survey various VOD measurement techniques such as electric, nonelectric and fibre optic have been discussed. To aid the discussion some commercially available VOD meter comparison are also presented. After review of the existing units available commercially and study of their respective merits and demerits, feature of an ideal system is proposed.
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