This study is devoted to the Hungarian sentence mood particle hadd, which developed into a particle from the imperatival form of the verb hagy 'let'. It primarily functions in non-addressee-oriented directives, i.e., it marks speech acts meant by the speaker to instigate actions of the speaker him-or herself or of third parties rather than actions of the interlocutor. The interlocutor is meant to play a-mediating, supporting, or tolerating-"secondary" role in this. Based on corpus research, the syntax and pragmatics of the particle hadd will be illustrated. The syntactic position of hadd differs from that of modal particles in being considerably more fixed. Concerning its pragmatic function, uses leading away from the function of a particle indicating sentence mood can be discerned. Similar developments can be illustrated for other European languages. In some languages (e.g., the Slavic languages), the word meaning 'let' develops into a particle, in other languages it turns into an auxiliary verb.
Legal language in the service of the construction of worlds, including an overview of the resulting translation difficulties This paper is based on the principle that not only technical communication, i.e. the subject of technical linguistics, but also the relevant research paradigms are in constant flux. The focus of research has shifted from technical language as a system to the role of the communicators as well as the situational aspects of technical communication, and in recent years this research has become integrated into epistemologically-driven discourse linguistics. This paradigm shift is demonstrated using the example of the analysis of an international treaty text.
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