Abstract. This paper describes vegetation development after a severe drop in water level. Diversion of the Danube river in 1992 resulted in a substantial water level reduction and the appearance of new terrestrial habitats in the Szigetköz region, a unique part of the Danube Valley in Hungary. Plant colonization was very rapid in the recently exposed river bed, where the establishment of a new willow thicket zone took only 4 yr. Our results clearly indicate that the elevation/moisture gradient is primarily responsible for the small‐scale vegetation heterogeneity that developed as succession proceeded. Further changes in vegetation patterns will be determined by the position of the water level as a result of water management.
Climate change may strongly modify the habitat conditions for many woody plant species. Some species could disappear from their natural habitats and become endangered, while others could adapt well to the changed environmental conditions and continue to survive successfully or even proliferate more easily. A similar process can occur within the artificial urban environment as the hitherto popularly planted urban trees may suffer from the extremities of the urban climate. However, among the planted taxa, there are species that spread spontaneously and appear as weeds in extensively managed gardens. In our study, we evaluated the native and non-native species involved in spontaneous spreading in the institutional garden of Buda Arboretum (Budapest) during the COVID-19 period in 2020–2021 when entry was prohibited, and maintenance went on in a restricted, minimal level. We investigated the correlation between spontaneously settling and planted individuals, and then performed multivariate analyses for native and non-native spreading plants for spatial and quantitative data. During our studies, we observed the spontaneous spreading of 114 woody species, of which 38 are native and 76 are non-native. Taking the total number of individuals into account, we found that, in addition to the 2653 woody species planted, a further 7087 spontaneously emerged weeds developed, which creates an additional task in the maintenance.
Tanulmányukban egy urbanizált környezetben lévő, nagy terhelésnek kitett védett természeti területet mutatunk be. Ez a Budapesten lévő Tamariska-domb Természetvédelmi Terület, amely 2012-ben kapott a helyi jelentőségű védettség után országos védelmet. A védettségi státusz megváltozása többek között annak köszönhető, hogy a területen több éve zajlik a helyi civilek által megkezdett természetvédelmi rekonstrukciós tevékenység. Ennek a munkának az eredményeként a terület fő botanikai értékét jelentő nyílt, évelő, mészkedvelő homokpusztagyep-állományok fokozatosan megerősödtek, az itt lévő lágy szárú inváziós fajok pedig lassan visszaszorultak.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of restoration of a stream section. The starting point of the multiple-step assessment process was a historical analysis, which resulted in the definition of different sections within the study area, providing a base for the further restoration goals. The assessment of the current conditions was elaborated particularly to determine those factors, which could limit restoration. These assessments cover the land use pattern, furthermore the analysis of vegetation and habitat patches. As a result of the historical analysis, it has been found that the stream side habitat patches have decreased significantly despite the constant space available. This change was not caused by the increased area of the settlement, but rather by the higher dominancy of arable forms of land use. The greatest share of wet and mesic meadows and agricultural habitats in the study areas, covering 57.5% of the total area, indicates significant anthropogenic effects. Consequently it can be stated that the reference conditions are not the only determining factors of the restoration possibilities. Restoration style and intensity have been defined on basis of all assessed factors.
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