Our aim was to determine whether or not non-small-cell lung cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC); even in small samples, it is essential in view of the side effects attendant on new therapeutics. Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) with the EML4-ALK fusion gene has been described as demonstrating mucinous cribriform/acinar growth and signet-ring cells, sometimes partially simulating SQCC. We investigated the relation among morphology, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, and immunophenotype in 321 ADCs by tissue microarray using SQCC markers cytokeratin (CK)5/6, CK14, desmocollin-3, desmoglein-3, p40, p63 versus ADC markers thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1 and napsin A. Unlike 312 ALK-negative ADCs, 9 ALK-positive cases were negative for 4 SQCC markers. Only 1 ALK-positive ADC showing assertive morphology was positive for CK5/6 and p63 as well as for TTF-1 and napsin A. Coexpression of TTF-1/p40 was not observed, unlike that of TTF-1/p63 reported previously. There was no statistically significant difference between ALK-negative and ALK-positive ADC by immunohistochemical profiling.
Surgical specimens from 40 patients with carcinoma of the papilla of Vater were submitted to histopathological analysis of tumor. The lesions were divided into two groups: non-invasive adenomatous component (NAC)-positive carcinoma and NAC-negative carcinoma . NAC was observed in 44% of our series. The incidence of the NAC-positive carcinoma declined with advancing cancer stage, but there was no significant relationship between the tumor size and the presence of NAC . NAC was shown to co-exist in 65% of tumor-forming type carcinomas, 0% of ulcerating type and 38% of the mixed type. The NAC-negative carcinoma invaded or metastasized to the pancreas, duodenum, lymph nodes or veins more frequently than NAC-positive carcinoma. Five year survival rates of patients with NAC-positive and NACnegative carcinomas were 78% and 21%, respectively (p <0 .01). Patients with NAC-positive carcinoma, most of which were detected preoperatively by endoscopic biopsy, underwent a standard pancreatoduodenectomy with Level 1 lymph node (peripancreatic) dissection. It is considered that pylorus and duodenal bulb-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy is an alternative for patients with localized lesion, while patients with NAC-negative carcinoma should be treated by performing pancreatoduodenectomy together with extended lymph node dissection.carcinoma of the papilla of Vater; non-invasive adenomatous component (NAC); precancerous condition Postoperative late result of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater is better than that of other periampullary carcinomas such as the pancreas or the distal bile duct . However, the reported late result of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater greatly varies, with conclusions ranging from favorable to poor prognosis of patients (Sato et al. 1983;Dawson and Connolly 1989). In a previous report (Yamauchi et al . 1989) we paid attention to the adenoma-like glands which were often found in the close vicinity of carcinoma, and defined them as non-invasive adenomatous component (NAC ). The lesion showed no signs of stromal invasion such as irregular protrusion of glands into the surrounding stroma with desmoplastic reaction, cribriform pattern, or papillary proliferation of glands . Patients with
In order to investigate the incorporation behavior of drugs into hair in early stage (within 24 h) after intake, time-course changes in drug distribution in black hair were carefully analyzed after a single oral administration of methoxyphenamine (MOP), a non-regulated analog of methamphetamine. Single-hair specimens collected by plucking with the roots intact at appropriate intervals post-intake were each divided into 1-mm segments from the proximal end, and MOP in each segment was determined by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry procedure. At 10 min after intake, MOP was not detected in any of the segments. MOP became detectable 30 min after intake in the hair bulb (0–1-mm segment from the proximal end) and 1 h after intake in the upper dermis zone (1–2-mm to 4–5-mm segments). The amount of MOP in the hair bulb increased rapidly over 3 h after intake and reached a maximum concentration of about 100–900 pg/1-mm single hair (11–95 ng/mg) around 3–10 h after intake, whereas that in the upper dermis zone increased at a more gradual pace over 24 h and reached a plateau at about 30–100 pg/1-mm hair (3–11 ng/mg). These differences can be attributed to their different incorporation mechanisms. Results from this study can further elucidate the drug incorporation mechanism, which is crucial for accurately interpreting results in hair analyses. Our findings also suggest that hair drugs analysis with special attention to the hair root can serve as a useful complementary approach to urine- and blood-based testing in the field of forensic toxicology.
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