Using a double-grow discharge cluster source system Fe and Ni clusters have been produced and deposited simultaneously on a substrate. A mixture of Fe and Ni clusters have been obtained with inserting separation plates between two grow discharge rooms and in the center of a growth tube, where partially alloyed cluster assemblies are formed. Fe-Ni alloy cluster assemblies have been obtained without inserting the separation plate. This alloying behavior is different from core-shell cluster formation in simultaneous deposition of Co and Si clusters, and Fe and Si clusters without inserting the separate plate. The present results suggest that structure and morphology of composite clusters strongly depends on the surface energy and degree of oxidation of elemental clusters.
Fe and Ni clusters have been simultaneously deposited on substrates using an improved plasma-gas-condensation cluster deposition apparatus, and investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetometry. In these Fe/Ni cluster hybrids Fe and Ni clusters are randomly mixed, where bcc Fe and fcc Ni diffraction rings are detected, and their lattice constants are almost same as those of pure Fe and Ni metals. The peak positions of core-levels, Fe-2p 3=2 and Ni-2p 3=2 lines, of Fe/Ni cluster hybrids are similar to those of pure Fe and Ni clusters. Since Fe and Ni are miscible with each other in bulk, equilibrium and film specimens, no nano-scale heterogeneity can be attained by other methods. Therefore, present results demonstrate formation of novel Fe/Ni nano-hybrid materials.
緒言The purpose of this research is to clarify the effects of strengthening factors on tensile strength of warm-worked middle carbon steels. The increase in the tensile strength of warm-worked products is realizable by increasing tensile strength of steel before warm-working and work hardening by warm-working. As a strengthening method of warm-worked products by material strengthening, solid solution hardening is effective. Specifically, addition of Si is effective. As a strengthening method of warm-worked products by work hardening, low-temperature working is effective. Also the addition of elements such as Cr which inhibits the annihilation of dislocations can strengthen warm-worked products through increasing work hardening. Material strengthening by decreasing cementite spacing, etc. is less effective in strengthening of warm-worked products. This is by that plate-like cementites are changed to granular ones by warm-working.
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熱間圧延において,軽圧下時に粗大粒が生成することが 知られている1The purpose of this research is to clarify the effects of carbon content and chromium-molybdenum addition on grain coarsening behavior in hot working by small strain of steels for machine structural use. The tendency of grain coarsening is as remarkable as high carbon steel. The influence of carbon content is slight to grain coarsening behavior of the austenite grain in hot working with small strain. In low carbon steels, ferrite structure occupies the great portion of microstructure. In these steels, two or more ferrite grains generate from one austenite grain, and those divide an austenite grain. Therefore, the coarse grain or mixed grain of austenite is not directly taken over to a transformed microstructure. It is based on the above reason that the tendency which a coarse grain pearlite structure generates is reduced in low carbon steels. In SCM435 steel, ferrite-bainite structure occupies the great portion of transformed microstructure and includes the coarse bainite structure. This is because coarse grain or mixed grain of austenite structure is directly taken over to a bainite structure.
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