The ultrafast structural deformation of NO2 in an intense laser field (1.0 PW/cm2) is studied by mass-resolved momentum imaging (MRMI) of the Op+ and Nq+ (p,q=1–3) fragment ions produced from NO2z+ through the Coulomb explosion processes, NO2z+→Op++Nq++Or+ (z=p+q+r). The N–O distance just before the Coulomb explosion is elongated significantly from that in the electronic ground state, and it monotonically increases from 1.7 to 2.1 Å as z increases from 4 to 9. The ∠O–N–O bond angle increases toward a linear configuration as a function of z, which is interpreted in terms of the formation of the light-dressed potential energy surfaces. The two-body fragmentation pathways to produce NO+ and NO2+ are also investigated by the MRMI measurements to derive the extent of the asymmetrical bond elongation of one of the two N–O bonds.
The nuclear dynamics of NO in intense laser fields (~1.4 PW cm-2
) is studied on the basis of the momentum-scaled time-of-flight spectra and mass-resolved momentum imaging maps of the atomic fragment ions, Np
+
and Oq
+
(p
,q
= 1-3), produced from the (p
,q
) Coulomb explosion pathways of NO, i.e. NO(p
+q
)+
Np
+
+Oq
+
. A procedure to extract nuclear dynamics from the momentum maps is proposed by taking account of the effect of the finite detector size. The resultant nine (p
,q
) single-pathway components show that (a) the distributions of the N-O internuclear distance of NOz
+
just before the Coulomb explosion exhibit significant broadening (~1 Å); (b) the distance at which the corresponding distribution takes a maximum increases from 1.68 to 2.34 Å as z
increases from 2 to 6 with a small amount of suppression at odd z
(z
= 3,5); and (c) the atomic fragment ions exhibit narrower angular distributions for a larger total charge z
( = p
+q
) of NOz
+
.
SnO 2 -Ag composite nanomaterials of mass ratio 1:4, 2:3, 3:2 and 4:1 were fabricated and tested for toxicity to E. coli using the pour-plate technique. The said nanomaterials were mixed with laminating fluid and then coated on glass slides. The intensity of UVA transmitted through the coated glass slides was measured. Results revealed that the 1:4 ratios of SnO 2 -Ag composite nanomaterials have the optimum toxicity to E. coli. Furthermore, the glass slides coated with SnO 2 nanomaterial showed the lowest intensity of transmitted UVA.
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