In this paper, the damping function is defined as the ratio of the pseudo velocity response spectrum to the energy spectrum. We have examined the applicability of the damping functions presented in previous studies to longer periods and longer duration using recent records including long-period and long-duration ground motions. We have developed new damping functions for long-period and long-duration strong motions. Using the new damping functions, we have showed a method for estimating the energy spectrum from the pseudo velocity response spectrum and have showed the estimated energy spectra correspond to the observed energy spectra regardless of the period ranges.
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