In this paper, an approach for optimal placement of D-STATCOM in mesh distribution systems using sensitivity approaches is proposed. The main contributions of the paper are as follows: (i) Optimal D-STATCOM placement based on the new voltage sensitivity index in mesh distribution system, (ii) optimal D-STATCOM size determination for seasonal loads with load growth scenario, (iii) comparison of D-STATCOM placement and size determination with the existing sensitivity methods, and (iv) impact of optimal D-STATCOM placement on voltage stability margin enhancement, energy loss reduction and cost of energy savings.The results of voltage profile improvement, reduction in power losses, reduction in cost of energy loss, improved voltage stability margin, cost of energy loss savings, installation cost of D-STATCOM and annual savings are obtained for UK 38 bus practical mesh distribution system. Ó 2016 Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
We propose a synthesis method of optical Hadamard transformer using multimode interference (MMI) couplers. By using the signal transfer matrix of 2 x 2, 4 x 4, and 8 x 8 MMI couplers, we show that sum and difference units of input signals can be synthesized. An interchange unit of two signals can also be synthesized. One synthesis method of Hadamard transformers is a combination of only 2 x 2 units, and the other is a combination of N x N(N > or = 4) units as well as 2 x 2 units. The design examples of operation units are shown, and the size and the output power of Hadamard transformers are estimated.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.