Introduction Irisin is a newly discovered myokine released from skeletal muscle during exercise. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that play a key role in the metastatic process via degrading extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irisin on expression of metastatic markers MMP2 and MMP9 and induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Methods In this study, we examined the effect of different concentrations of irisin on induced apoptosis and cell viability of two cell lines, LNCaP and DU-145, by using flow cytometry and MTT assay, respectively. The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes was also analyzed by real-time PCR after irisin treatment. Data were analyzed using the comparative cycle threshold 2 −∆∆Ct method. Results Cell viability was reduced in both LNCaP and DU-145 cell lines at different concentrations of irisin. However, this decreased cell viability was strongly significant ( p < 0.05) only at 5 and 10 nM concentrations of irisin in the LNCaP cell line. Furthermore, irisin could induce apoptosis in both cell lines at a concentration of 10 nM compared to 5 nM. Real-time PCR results also demonstrated a decreased expression in MMP2 and MMP9 genes in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell lines. Conclusion These results showed the anticancer effects of irisin on cell viability of both LNCaP and DU-145 cell lines and also on the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Background The selection of non-apoptotic sperm is related to successful fertilization. This study investigated the protective effects of melatonin and the role of the MACS (magnetically activated cell sorting) method to prevent oxidative damage in vitro and improve sperm quality parameters such as viability and DNA integrity. Materials and methods Semen analysis was performed on 20 different eligible donors participating in the study. Sperm viability and concentration were checked at time of 0 (0 h). In order to conduct more studies after 24 h (24 h), the remaining sperm suspension was divided into a control group and six experimental groups. DNA fragmentation was assessed using the TUNEL assay. Results The treatment of human spermatozoa with 100 µM hydrogen peroxide for 24 h induced a significant increase in phosphatidylserine externalization and significantly increases apoptotic sperm (p ≤ 0.001). TUNEL analysis of human sperm pretreated with 100 µM hydrogen peroxide for 24 h showed that the percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA was significantly reduced after sorting by MACS (P ≤ 0.001). However, pretreated human sperm with 1 μM melatonin for 24 h could effectively maintain sperm motility and progressive motility. Conclusions Pretreated human spermatozoa with 1 µM melatonin for 24 h could be effective for maintenance of sperm motility and progressive motility. Although 100 µM hydrogen peroxide-treated sperm were used, MACS was used to retain the appropriate sperm and select high-quality sperm.

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