The performance of the Iraqi early detection model was effective with a high CDR, and most women participated by self-referral. This program could, therefore, be effective in low- and middle-income countries.
PurposeThis study aims to find out the participation rate of women in the utilization of screening methods to determine the relationship of sociodemographic health characteristics and breast cancer (BC) awareness with the utilization of screening methods. The authors’ study aims to examine the relationship between women's belief and the utilization of screening methods.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted in three health centers from December 13, 2016 to June 12, 2017. A questionnaire was constructed for data collection about sociodemographic characteristics, screening awareness and medical and health background variables. Additionally, BC awareness measure and champion health belief model scales were used to measure women's perceptiveness about BC.FindingsDespite the awareness among 78.9% of women regarding clinical breast examination (CBE) as a screening method, only 9.5% women utilized it for screening. Due to prescription by physicians for diagnosis of BC, 23.6% women had done mammography at least once in their life. Having jobs and a good education significantly influenced the utilization of CBE as a screening method. The logistic regression analysis found that old age, family history of BC, good knowledge about BC, perceived susceptibility, low rate of perceived barriers to mammography and CBE predicted participation in screening.Originality/valueEnhancing knowledge about BC and screening, emphasizing the susceptibility to BC and the benefits of screening will help in better participation. Importance should be given to illiterate and unemployed women.
Breastfeeding women should have access to family planning information and services to help them select a method of birth control that allows them to support breastfeeding and is safe for the breastfeeding child. The study aimed to evaluate the practices of various contraceptive methods among mothers who were breastfeeding. A descriptive-analytic design was conducted for breastfeeding mothers from the period of 12 February to 28 October 2021. To give equal chances to participate, the probability simple randomization technique was applied for selecting (800) postnatal breastfeeding mothers were attending the immunization unit in Primary Health Centers in Sulaimani City. Overall items included in the questionnaire were in two parts: part one General and specific information about breastfeeding mothers' concerns, and the response of the characteristics of socio-demographic variables and obstetric status. Part two was contraceptive practices. The data were collected through the use of interviews and then analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis, and inferential statistical analysis. Common contraceptives used among breastfeeding mothers were natural contraception (62.5%), condoms (17.5%), ICUD (5.0%), oral contraceptives (3.5%), and breastfeeding (11.5%). A high percentage of the breastfeeding mothers used contraceptives and only ten percent of mothers were using breastfeeding for contraception. A significant difference was found between socio-demographic data and practice contraception and resumption of menstrual after delivery. According to the findings of the study, a focus on health education for mothers should be established, and the nurse should take on the role of contraceptive method educator.
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