BackgroundMedicinal flora plays a vital role in treating various types of ailments in living beings. The present study was planned to investigate and document systematically the indigenous knowledge in a scientifically little explored area of Ladha sub-division, South Waziristan agency, Pakistan. Hence, this study would contribute positively to the field of ethnopharmacology.MethodsPrior to ethnomedicinal data collection, regular field visits were conducted during the month of May and June 2015 to locate the sites and respondents from where the traditional knowledge was to be recorded. Ethno-medicinal data was collected during the month July and August 2015 through rapid appraisal approach (RAA) based on direct interaction with the indigenous communities by making group discussions, corner meetings and semi-structured interviews. Data was evaluated statistically by using the index of Use value (UV) and Frequency of citations (FC).ResultsA total of 82 medicinal plants belonging to 42 families were reported in the study. Leaves were the most frequently used plant parts. Highest use values were recorded for Peganum harmala (0.93), Punica granatum (0.91), Thymus mongolicus (0.90), Chenopodium album (0.89), Coriandrum sativum (0.87), Mentha longifolia (0.87), Lactuca serriola (0.87) and Portulaca oleracea (0.87). Medicinal plants used for the gastro intestinal complexities and respiratory diseases were more than 9% followed by skin and diarrhea (7% each), liver disorders (5%) cough and cold fever (5%).ConclusionPeople of the area mostly still rely on traditional herbal therapies. Keeping in mind the dependence of the indigenous community for their primary health care on such herbal remedies, pharmacological and critical toxicological investigation of certain flora is necessary. Moreover, projects should be designed to analyze the existing issues and problems related with medicinal plants conservation.

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The most important environmental challenge that the world is facing today is the control of the quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere, because it causes global warming. Increase in the global temperature results in greenhouse gas emission, interruption of the volcanic activity, and climatic changes. The alarming rise of the CO2 level impels to take some serious action to control these climatic changes. Various techniques are being utilized to capture CO2. However, chemical absorption and adsorption are supposed to be the most suitable techniques for post-combustion CO2 capture, but the main focus is on adsorption. The aim of this study is to provide a brief overview on the CO2 adsorption by a novel class of adsorbents called the metal–organic framework. The metal–organic framework is a porous material having high surface area with high CO2 adsorption capacity. The metal–organic frameworks possess dynamic structure and have large capacity to adsorb CO2 at either low pressure or high pressure due to its cavity size and surface area. Adsorption of CO2 in the metal–organic framework at various pressures depends upon pore volume and heat of adsorption correspondingly. In this review, different synthesis methods of the metal–organic framework such as slow evaporation, solvo thermal, mechanochemical, electrochemical, sonochemical, and microwave-assisted synthesis are briefly described as the structure of the metal–organic frameworks are mostly dependent upon synthesis techniques. In addition to this, different strategies are discussed to increase the CO2 adsorption capacity in the metal organic-framework. [Formula: see text]

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