Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound measurements of the cervix in pregnancy. If transabdominal ultrasound measurement of cervical length is found to provide effective information, it could be used in patient counselling and when making clinical decisions.
Material and Methods:One hundred and twenty seven pregnant patients between 18-26 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled in this prospective study for measuring cervical length, both by transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound scan after bladder emptying. Transabdominal and transvaginal measurements were compared and correlated.
Results:In patients with transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVS) cervical length ≤32 mm, TVS cervical length was found to be shorter than by transabdominal ultrasound scan (TAS). Most of these patients needed >3 cm of vertical pocket of urine in the bladder for adequate visualisation of the cervix. In patients with TVS cervical length >32 mm, the TVS measurement of the cervix was longer than the TAS measurement of the cervix. In these patients, the cervix could be seen by TAS when there was either ≤3 cm vertical pocket of urine in the bladder or an empty bladder. Statistical tests showed that there is a significant difference between TAS and TVS cervical measurements and that there is a significant association between these two measurements.
Conclusion:Most of the patients needed variable degrees of bladder filling for adequate visualisation of the cervix. Although minimal bladder filling does not influence TAS measurements of cervical length, moderate fullness of the bladder does cause an apparent increase in TAS measurements of cervical length. If the cervical length is ≥30 mm by TAS, regardless of urine content in the bladder, the patient can be assured vis a vis their risk of preterm labour as far as cervical length is concerned. However, in patients with TAS cervical measurement <30 mm and where the bladder needed a moderate amount of urine for adequate visualisation of the cervix, TVS cervical measurement may be close to the critical value of 25 mm. These patients need to be counselled and offered TVS for better assessment of cervical length. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2013; 14: 225-9) Key words: Cervical length, transabdominal sonography, transvaginal sonography Received: 10 July, 2013 Accepted:
Sonuç:Hastaların çoğunda serviksin yeterli görüntülenmesi için çe-şitli derecelerde mesane dolumu gerekliydi. Minimal mesane dolumunun servikal uzunluk TAS ölçümlerini etkilememesine rağmen, mesanenin orta derece dolgunluğu servikal uzunluk TAS ölçümlerin-de belirgin bir artışa neden olmaktadır. Servikal uzunluk TAS ile ≥30 mm ise, mesanedeki idrar içeriğine bakmaksızın, servikal uzunluk söz konusu olduğu sürece hastanın erken doğum riski ile karşı karşıya olduğundan emin olunabilir. Bununla birlikte, TAS serviks ölçü-mü <30 mm olan hastalarda ve serviksin yeterli görüntülenmesi için mesanede orta derecede idrar miktar gerekli olduğunda, TVS servikal ölçümü 25 ...
Bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy is very rare and usually occurs following ovulation stimulation. Moreover preoperative diagnosis is very difficult. We are presenting a case of bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy occurring spontaneously. Hence careful follow-up with combination of color Doppler and serum beta HCG estimation of patients after laparoscopic or open surgery for ectopic pregnancies is needed to avoid such unusual event.
The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous devascularisation and compression suture for the control of PPH in a congenitally malformed uterus during caesarean section while classic management failed. The technique adopted for devascularisation was ligation of uterine arteries bilaterally below the hysterotomy wound and for the compression of the uterine musculature, suture passing through and through the anterior and posterior wall above the hysterotomy wound closed to either side, tied anteriorly. The majority (75%) of the women were primigravida and mostly presented with malpresentation of the fetus. Mothers were in the age group of 19-24 years. Out of eight cases, four (50%) cases had a bicornuate uterus, two cases had unicornuate and two had a sub-septate uterus. This procedure was effective in 87.5% (7/8) of cases. In follow-up, normal puerperium, menstruation and pregnancy were observed. This procedure is a simple, effective and safe technique to control PPH in congenitally malformed uterus in the field of conservative surgical approaches.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.