The 28-day and 90-day mortality were significantly decreased for transplant recipients compared with nontransplant patients. These findings suggest that the immunosuppression associated with transplantation may provide a survival advantage to transplant recipients with sepsis through modulation of the inflammatory response.

Introduction: Trauma to primary and permanent teeth and their supporting structures is one of the most common dental problems seen in children. The prognosis of traumatized teeth depends on timely attention with prompt and appropriate treatment, which often relies on knowledge of the teachers who may be present at the place of accidents. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate via a questionnaire the knowledge level of primary school teachers in South Jaipur regarding dental trauma.Design: Questionnaire survey.Materials and methods: A self-designed questionnaire was administered to 300 primary school teachers from 20 randomly selected private and semi-aided schools of South Jaipur.Results: A total of 278 teachers responded to the survey. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. It was found that most of the respondents had accepted poor knowledge regarding dental trauma, with a mean knowledge of 10.56 ± 2.58.Conclusion: This study highlighted inadequate knowledge regarding emergency management of traumatic dental injuries, and teachers felt the need for training in the management of dental trauma as part of their training program.How to cite this article: Nirwan M, Syed AA, Chaturvedi S, Goenka P, Sharma S. Awareness in Primary School Teachers regarding Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Their Emergency Management: A Survey in South Jaipur. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(1):62-66.

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigant penetration using iohexol dye with four irrigation techniques. Methodology Single-rooted premolars were recently extracted and preserved in physiological saline solution. All the samples were standardized to 16 mm. Standard endodontic access was prepared using endoaccess bur (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). The initial patency was established using #10 k file (Mani, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan) to the working length. The cleaning and shaping were performed using the file system ProFit S3 in the following sequence: P0 (orifice enlarger), PF1 (yellow), PF2 (red) #25, and PF3 (blue) #30. The samples were randomly allocated in concealed opaque envelopes into four groups. This was performed by a trained dentist. Fifteen samples were allocated to one group. The groups were divided as follows: Group A—conventional needle (CN), Group B—side-vented needle (SVN), Group C—manual dynamic agitation (MDA), and Group D—EndoActivator (EA). The radiopaque dye irrigant agitation/activation was performed by one operator to prevent operator bias. Following irrigation using the different techniques, digital radiographs were taken, and the measurement was taken from the apical foramen to the point where the dye had penetrated apically for each tooth and the data were entered into an Excel sheet for all the four groups. Results Comparing the four groups, there was a statistically significant difference among the four groups (p < 0.05), thus, favoring the alternate hypothesis. EA had resulted in better penetration of the irrigant compared with the other three groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion It was evident that irrigant penetration was best achieved with the use of an EA followed by MDA, SVNs, and then the CN when the preparation was done till size 30 (PF3 #30) using ProFit S3 rotary file system.

Tricalcium silicate cements have long been used in dentistry for management of open apex. Biodentine was introduced to overcome the disadvantages of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The aim of this systematic review was to compare the success rates of biodentine and MTA as a material of choice for the management of open apex in children with nonvital immature permanent teeth. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched until November 30, 2021, with the search terms young permanent teeth, immature permanent teeth, open apex, MTA, and biodentine. Based on the inclusion criteria, the articles were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and assessed for quality using a risk-of-bias assessment tool. The outcomes of the studies were qualitatively synthesized. A total of 379 studies were identified and after refinement only two studies met the eligibility criteria. Both the studies were performed in children with nonvital pulp status. One of the studies showed a clinical success of 91.66% for MTA and 100% for biodentine in revascularization cases while the other study showed 100% for both the materials in apexification cases. Radiographic success was 100% for both the materials at the end of the follow-up period in both the studies. Treatment modality can create heterogeneity that does not allow making a pooled conclusion for the two materials collectively, which is the case in this review where one study used revascularization, while the other used apexification. An overall high risk of bias was noticed for the selected studies. With high risk of bias and low quality of evidence, a strong definitive conclusion cannot be arrived at. Further studies with proper randomization and minimal risk of bias are required to provide a conclusive result. However, as per the included studies, biodentine can be a material of choice for revascularization while both MTA and biodentine can be used for apexification procedures.

Successful outcome of pulp therapy depends on good chemomechanical preparation of the canals. This is completed with the help of various upcoming rotary and hand files. However, during this preparation, there might be an apical extrusion of the debris which may result in postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the number of debris apically extruded during canal preparation using two different pediatric rotary file systems and conventional hand file systems in primary teeth. 60 primary maxillary central incisors that were extracted due to trauma or untreated dental caries with no signs of resorption were taken. Canal preparation was executed using three different file systems: Group A: Group A hand K file system, Group B Kedo S Plus, Group C Kedo SG Blue. For each of these files using the Myers and Montgomery model, the pre- and post-weight of the eppendorf tube was assessed to quantify the number of apical debris. The maximum extrusion of apical debris was noticed with the Hand K-file system. The least debris was noticed in the Kedo S Plus file system. Statistical analysis revealed that there were highly significant differences in apical extrusion and debris when comparing hand files and rotary files and also between the two rotary files used. Apical debris collection is an unavoidable outcome of canal instrumentation. Among the file systems compared, rotary files had lesser extrusion when compared to hand files. Among the rotary files, Kedo S plus showed normal extrusion compared to SG Blue.