Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) is an isotropic mixture of lipid, surfactant and co-surfactant, which forms a fine emulsion when comes in contact of an aqueous medium with mild agitation. SEDDS is considered as a potential platform for oral delivery of hydrophobic drug in order to overcome their poor and irregular bioavailability challenges. In spite of fewer advantages like improved solubility of drug, bypassing lymphatic transport etc., SEDDS faces different controversial issues such as the use of appropriate terminology (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system; SMEDDS or self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system; SNEDDS), presence of high amount of surfactant, correlation of in vitro model to in vivo studies, lack of human volunteer study and effect of conversion of SEDDS to final administrable dosage form on pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug. In this review, potential issues or questions on SEDDS are identified and summarized from the pharmacokinetic point of view. Primarily this review includes the conflict between the influences of droplet size, variation in correlation between in vitro lipolysis or ex-vivo intestinal permeation and pharmacokinetic parameters, variation in in vivo results of solid and liquid SEDDS, and potential challenges or limitation of pharmacokinetic studies on human volunteers with orally administered SEDDS. In the past decades, hundreds of in vivo studies on SEDDS have been published. In the present study, only the relevant article on in vivo pharmacokinetic studies with orally administered SEDDS published in past 5-6 years are analyzed for an up to date compilation. KeywordsPoor bioavailability, self-nanoemulsifying delivery system, self-microemulsifying delivery system, in vitro lipolysis, pharmacokinetic of SEDDS History
Background: Oral bioavailability of gliclazide, a hypoglycemic drug, is hindered by its low aqueous solubility. Improvement of solubility will enhance dissolution rate and in turn the bioavailability. This research aimed to formulate the solid dispersed gliclazide using a novel polyethylene glycol-polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate grafted copolymer (Soluplus®) as carrier to enhance in-vitro dissolution and to study drug-carrier physical interaction. Method: Final solid dispersion (SDGLC) containing drug:carrier (1:8 w/w) was prepared by solvent evaporation after drug-polymer miscibility study. The SDGLC powder was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), attenuated total reflectance infra-red spectroscopy (ATR-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SDGLC powder was filled in gelatin capsule after flowability and moisture analysis followed by assay, disintegration and in-vitro dissolution study. Results: Miscibility study showed negative values of free energy transfer indicating spontaneous solubilization of drug with increase in carrier concentration. Absence of sharp melting peak in SDGLC was observed by DSC. Reduced peak intensity at specific 2θ values in PXRD indicates loss of crystallinity in solid dispersion. Interaction to form H-bond between gliclazide and Soluplus® was evidenced by ATR-IR. SDGLC filled capsule resulted in 20% improved dissolution (approximately 20% higher) in 0.1(N) HCl and phosphate buffer pH 7.4 compared to physical mixture (gliclazide-Soluplus®) containing capsule. Conclusion: Soluplus® effectively enhanced gliclazide solubility in solid dispersed state and SDGLC powder filled capsules could provide pH independent and improved in-vitro dissolution for gliclazide.
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