MINERvA has measured the νµ-induced coherent π + cross section simultaneously in hydrocarbon (CH), graphite (C), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) targets using neutrinos from 2 to 20 GeV. The measurements exceed the predictions of the Rein-Sehgal and Berger-Sehgal PCAC based models at multi-GeV νµ energies and at produced π + energies and angles, Eπ > 1 GeV and θπ < 10 • . Measurements of the cross-section ratios of Fe and Pb relative to CH reveal the effective A-scaling to increase from an approximate A 1/3 scaling at few GeV to an A 2/3 scaling for Eν > 10 GeV.
Background: Modified radical mastectomy still remains the most common surgical procedure employed in definitive management of breast cancer. Post mastectomy problems include skin flap necrosis, prolonged axillary drainage, seroma formation, wound gaping etc., among all seroma is commonest. Drainage usage and dressing applied after this procedure is debatable due to varying recommendations.Methods: A prospective randomized control trial was conducted on 84 FNAC/TRUECUT biopsy proven cases of early and locally advanced breast cancer patients admitted in surgery department, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur over a period of two years. Aiming to compare full suction drainage and compression dressing (n=42) (group 1) with half suction drainage and non-compression dressing (n=34) (group 2), in terms of post-operative morbidities like skin flap necrosis, prolonged axillary drainage, seroma formation, wound gaping and length of hospital stay. Romsons 16 number Romovac drains were used for suction and 2 elastic 6” crape bandage were used for compression.Results: During follow-up there was significant lower incidence of seroma formation in group 1 patients compared to group 2 patients (p<0.0019). Full compression dressing patients have increased incidence of superficial skin necrosis compared to non-compression dressing patients (p<0.022). Patients with half suction drainage and non-compression dressing has early drain removal than patients with full suction drainage and compression dressing (p<0.05), the length of hospital stay was less in group 2 compared to group 1.Conclusions: There is markedly lesser incidence of post-operative seroma formation along with reduced morbidity in the form of patients discomfort and flap necrosis in post MRM patients with full suction drainage and compression dressing, but it requires a greater hospital stay and has slightly higher risk of superficial skin necrosis which can be easily managed with topical ointments, compared to patients with half suction drainage and non-compression dressing.
We present the case of a 14-year-old patient with a right distal radial fracture accompanied by a severely displaced complete distal ulnar physeal separation and associated median nerve compromise. This injury is known as Galeazziequivalent lesion in children and is an extremely rare injury associated with growth arrest. Recognition of the lesion can be difficult but wide displacement may be associated with other significant injuries such as neurovascular compromise.Prompt intervention reversed the neurological symptoms. At ten months after the operation, neither growth arrest nor loss of range of motion has occurred. A review of the literature identifies a number of important reasons that dictate prompt reduction when there is complete separation of the ulna physis mainly because of soft tissue interposition or capsule problems.
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