Viral load (VL) determination is the standard to assess the effectiveness of Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWIV). According to Cameroon national ART guidelines, VL determination in PLHIV should be done after six months of starting ART and then every 12 months. Unsuppressed VL occurs when ARV’s fails to suppress viral load and is associated with decreased survival and increased risk of HIV transmission, morbidity, and mortality. A sequential and exploratory facility and community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 patients on first-line ART in public health facilities in the East region of Cameroon from January 2021 to January 2022. Structural questionnaires and a review of medical records were the data source of the study. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis, and Chi-squared (χ2) tests to explore the associations between outcome variables and the independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors and facilitators of high viral load at 95% CI and P < 0.05 statistically significant level. Age, marital status, Occupation, food insecurity, switching regimen, and non-adherence were found to be the predictors of high viral load, while the distance from the clinic, medication side effects, substance use, poverty, missing clinical appointment or ARV doses, knowledge on ARV and health personnel attitudes were found to be facilitators. Unsuppressed viral load among PLWH in the East region of Cameroon is cause by predictors and facilitators. Therefore, need for targeted interventions for patients on ART who are at high risk of becoming virally unsuppressed. Keywords. Adherence, Anti-retroviral therapy, Enhanced adherence counselling (EAC), Suppressed, Unsuppressed, Viral load.

Prevention of Mother to child Transmission (PMTCT) programs has been proven to be effective in reducing the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child. Men participation in PMTCT programs is likely to increase women’s uptake of PMTCT services. Unfortunately, men involvement in this intervention has been very minimal. Thus, identifying the factors that influences male involvement in the PMTCT programs is imperative. The study was a hospital and community base quantitative cross-sectional survey of 200 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic ANC/PMTCT clinic and 200 men in the Kumba Health District community using structured questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained from Faculty of health sciences University of Buea. Each health area in the district represented a stratum. Women were sampled at the clinics and men in the community. Written consent was obtained from all participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 at 95% confident interval and P<0.05 for statistical significance. Result. 52(13%) of male respondents had attended PMTCT services in the district with their partners which is far below the 80% standard set by the ministry of Public Health of Cameroon. Of the 200 male respondents 94(47%) had heard about PMTCT programs (p=0.001). Knowledge on HIV transmission through breast feeding (P=0.001) were highly significant, likewise level of education (P=0.003) and employment of participants (P=0.001). Despite the successful implementation of the Test and START in Kumba Health District, eliminating MTCT of HIV remains a major challenge. Keywords. ANC, ARV, HIV, Male Involvement, MTCT, PMTCT.