BackgroundCervical cancer is a global public health threat for women. Rwanda Ministry of Health recommends screening as preventive strategy. However, the screening remains low in Rwanda.ObjectiveTo determine the uptake level of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among Rwandan women.MethodsA quantitative analytical cross-sectional study design was used. We recruited 178 participants using convenience sampling from an estimated 320 women who attended outpatient department in the previous month. The sample size was calculated using the Yamane’s formula. We used chi-square test, t-test and multiple logistic regression analysis to analyse data.ResultsA total of 178 (100%) participants completed the survey. Forty-one (23%) participants had undertaken cervical cancer screening. Knowledge (OR: 1.26,95% CI:1.069-1.485, p=.006) and income were predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake. Participants earning RWF ≥ 63,751 were more likely to uptake cervical cancer screening (OR:11.141, 95% CI:3.136-39.571, p< .001) compared to those earning less than RWF 25,500 monthly.ConclusionCervical cancer screening uptake among study population was low. Participants with more knowledge and high-income were more likely to uptake cervical cancer screening. Improving women’s knowledge and socioeconomic situation would improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(3):387-397