<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mandibular foramen (MF) is located on the internal surface of the ramus through which blood vessels and nerves pass. Determination of the anatomic position of the MF is very important in inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia (IANBA), ramus osteotomy and surgical procedures of the posterior angle of mandibular ramus. The aim of this study was to determine anatomic position of the MF using anatomic landmarks on the three dimensional CBCT images. <strong>Material and </strong><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 103 CBCT images was evaluated. The NNT Viewer software program was used to measure the distances between the lines tangent on the MF periphery and the anterior border of the ramus, the posterior border of the ramus, the inferior border of the mandible, and the coronoid notch in mm by to age and gender. <strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a slight difference in anatomic dimensions between the right and left sides, with no significant differences. The anatomic dimensions of the MF on both sides were a little bigger in males than in females. There were no significant differences in the anatomic dimensions of superior-inferior and anterior-posterior dimensions of the left and right sides in different age groups. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>No significant changes occur in the position of the MF with age. The anatomic differences between males and females should be taken into account during IANBA procedures. Males have bigger jaws than females; therefore, there is a longer distance between the MF and the anatomic landmarks evaluated. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Mandibular Foramen; Anatomic Landmarks; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography</p>
Objectives. Some correlations have been proposed between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and type and severity of nasal septal deviation. This study sought to compare the type and severity of nasal septal deviation between CRS patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and asymptomatic controls using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods. This prospective case-control study evaluated 49 CRS patients who did not respond to pharmaceutical therapy and were candidates for FESS and 49 asymptomatic controls. All participants underwent CBCT and were inspected for septal deviation type and severity. Data were analyzed by the independent t-test and chi-square test. Results. The study population comprised of 58.25% males and 41.8% females, with a mean age of 33.74 ± 11.78 years. Significant correlations were noted between the presence of CRS and severity of septal deviation ( P = 0.007 ). Type of septal deviation had no significant correlation with the presence of CRS ( P = 0.443 ). Conclusion. Patients with CRS have significantly more severe nasal septal deviation. However, type of septal deviation is not correlated with CRS.
Background:The high incidence of nasal and zygomatic arch fractures highlights the need for an accurate imaging modality for their detection. The superimposition of structures is a major problem in conventional radiography. Ultrasonography is a low-cost imaging modality with a wide range of applications, that does not employ ionizing radiation. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of ultrasonography for the detection of the zygomatic arch and nasal bone fractures. Materials and Methods:This study was conducted on 16 sheep heads. Artificial fractures were created in some parts of the zygomatic arch, dorsum and lateral wall of the nose, and nasal cartilage. All sheep heads underwent Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to ensure the presence of a fracture. Next, the lateral nasal and submentovertex radiographs were obtained, and ultrasonography was performed with a 12-15 MHz linear probe. Ultrasonography and radiography were repeated after 1 week to assess their reproducibility by calculating the kappa coefficient. Data were analyzed using Stata 11 software and Chi-square test. Results:The specificity and sensitivity of ultrasonography ranged from 87% to 100%, and 50% to 75%, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of radiography ranged from 87% to 100%, and 62% to 87%, respectively. The differences between the two imaging modalities were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The kappa coefficient ranged from 46% to 100% for ultrasonography and 44% to 87% for radiography. Conclusion:Ultrasonography seemed useful for the detection of displaced bone and cartilage fractures. For non-displaced fractures, US is not recommended.
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The aim was to investigate the accuracy of linear measurements the mandibular ridge recorded using two CBCT systems. <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: Eleven human dry skull were used in which mandibles were chosen to measure width and height in 6 sites. Before scanning, the points were marked using barium sulfate radiopaque contrast media. Mandible imaging was done using two systems: Newtom3G and Cranex3D. Alveolar ridge dimensions were recorded by two observers under uniform condition using special software for each system. The measurement errors and inter-examiner reliability were calculated for each modality and compared with each other and analyzed via SPSS software version 18. The level of significance was set at P< 0.05. <strong>Results</strong>: The overall mean absolute error was 0.08 mm for Cranex system and 0.5 for Newtom system. The mean absolute error of two systems had no statistically significant difference in comparison with each other or with the gold standard. The statistical analysis showed high inter-observer reliability (P < 0.05). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: CBCT is highly accurate and reproducible in linear measurements in the axial and coronal images planes and in different areas of the maxillofacial region.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Barium sulfate; Cranex3D; Cone beam computed tomography; Dental implant; Newtom3G.</p>
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