Due to biocompatibility and relative non-toxic nature, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been studied widely to be employed in radiotherapy as radio-sensitizer. On the other hand, they may enhance radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE), which causes radiation adverse effects in non-irradiated normal cells. The present study was planned to investigate the possibility of augmenting the RIBE consequence of applying glucose-coated gold nanoparticles (Glu-GNPs) to target cells. Glu-GNPs were synthesized and utilized to treat MCF7 and QUDB cells. The treated cells were irradiated with 100 kVp X-rays, and their culture media were transferred to non-irradiated bystander cells. Performing MTT cellular proliferation test and colony formation assay, percentage cell viability and survival fraction of bystander cells were determined, respectively, and were compared to control bystander cells which received culture medium from irradiated cells without Glu-GNPs. Glu-GNPs decreased the cell viability and survival fraction of QUDB bystander cells by as much as 13.2 and 11.5 %, respectively (P < 0.02). However, the same end points were not changed by Glu-GNPs in MCF-7 bystander cells. Different RIBE responses were observed in QUDB and MCF7 loaded with Glu-GNPs. Glu-GNPs increased the RIBE in QUDB cells, while they had no effects on RIBE in MCF7 cells. As opposed to QUDB cells, the RIBE in MCF7 cells did not change in the dose range of 0.5-10 Gy. Therefore, it might be a constant effect and the reason of not being increased by Glu-GNPs.
The present study was conducted to compare dosimetric parameters for the heart and left lung between free breathing (FB) and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) and determine the most important potential factors associated with increasing the lung dose for left-sided breast radiotherapy using image analysis with 3D Slicer software. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography-simulation scans in FB and DIBH were obtained from 17 patients with left-sided breast cancer. After contouring, three-dimensional conformal plans were generated for them. The prescribed dose was 50 Gy to the clinical target volume. In addition to the dosimetric parameters, the irradiated volumes and both displacement magnitudes and vectors for the heart and left lung were assessed using 3D Slicer software. Results: The average of the heart mean dose (D mean) decreased from 5.97 to 3.83 Gy and V 25 from 7.60% to 3.29% using DIBH (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the average of D mean for the left lung was changed from 8.67 to 8.95 Gy (p = 0.389) and V 20 from 14.84% to 15.44% (p = 0.387). Both of the absolute and relative irradiated heart volumes decreased from 42.12 to 15.82 mL and 8.16% to 3.17%, respectively (p < 0.001); however, these parameters for the left lung increased from 124.32 to 223.27 mL (p < 0.001) and 13.33% to 13.99% (p = 0.350). In addition, the average of heart and left lung displacement magnitudes were calculated at 7.32 and 20.91 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The DIBH is an effective technique in the reduction of the heart dose for tangentially treated left sided-breast cancer patients, without a detrimental effect on the left lung.
This study was done aimed to investigate the relationship between optimism and life expectancy with family function among parents with disabled children in the city of Tehran. This research is descriptive by correlation method. Statistical population included all parents with disabled children in Tehran and the research sample consisted of 202 people. Sampling method was chosen based on available. The Spss software version 18 and correlation method and simultaneous multiple regression was used to analyze the data. Tools used include Family Assessment Device (FAD), scale Snyder hope, optimism questionnaire (LOT). The results showed that family performance with hope 0.49 and with optimism 0.48 has a meaningful relationship. In addition, optimism and hope can explain 0.09% of the variance spiritual well-being. It is suggested that to take actions order to help improving the performance of disabled parents.
The purpose of the present study was to perform an independent calculation of dosimetric parameters associated with a new 192 Ir brachytherapy source model, IRAsource. Materials and methods: The parameters of air kerma strength (AKS), dose rate constant (DRC), geometry function (GF), radial dose function (RDF), as well as two-dimensional (2D) anisotropy function (AF) of IRAsource 192 Ir source model were calculated in this study. The MC n-particle extended (MCNPX) code was also employed for simulating high dose rate (HDR), IRAsource and 192 Ir source; and formalism was used for calculating dosimetry parameters based on task group number 43 updated report (TG-43 U1). Results: The results of this study were consistent with the ones reported about the IRAsource source by Sarabiasl et al. The AKS per 1 mCi activity and the DRC values were also equal to 3.65 cGycm 2 h -1 mCi -1 and 1.094 cGyh -1 U -1 ; respectively. The comparison of the results of the DRC and the RDF reported by Sarabiasl et al. also validated the 192 Ir IRAsource simulation in this study. Moreover, the AFs of IRAsource source model were in a good agreement with those of Sarabiasl et al. at different distances, which could be attributed to identical geometries.
Conclusion:In line with those reported by Sarabiasl et al., the results of this study confirmed the IRAsource 192 Ir source for clinical uses. The calculated dosimetric parameters of the IRAsource source could be utilized in clinical practices as input data sets or for validation of treatment planning system calculations.
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