Two field experiments were conducted during 2006 and 2007 growing seasons at El-Karada Water Requirements Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. The investigation aimed to produce more rice with less water by inducing planting methods in North Delta, Egypt. The main plots were randomly occupied by three planting methods while the rice cultivars were assigned to sub-plots. Planting methods were traditional planting, planting in bottom of beds and furrows, while the rice cultivars were Sakha 101, Sakha 102, and Giza 177.Results showed that planting in bottom of beds significantly increased plant height, number of tillers/hill, number of panicles/hill and panicle length by 4.1%, 21.3%, 17.5% and 5.6%, respectively, while insignificantly increased panicle weight and grain yield compared with traditional planting method. At the same time, the results showed that there were no significant differences in grain yield between methods of planting in bottom of furrows and beds.Rice cv. Sakha 101 significantly exceeded rice cvs. Sakha 102 and Giza 177 in number of tillers/hill by 15.6%, and 29.6%, number of panicles/hill by 10.7%, and 19.2%, panicle weight by 26% and 31%; 1000-grain weight by 3.5%, and 12%, and grain yield by 7.5% and 17.7%, respectively.Means of irrigation water applied were 1480 mm, 1013 mm, and 919 mm for traditional planting, planting in bottom of furrows and beds respectively. Methods of planting in bottom of furrows and beds saved 31.6% and 37.9% of irrigation water compared with traditional planting method, respectively. Mean of amount of irrigation water applied for rice cvs. Sakha 101, Sakha 102 and Giza 177 were 1181 mm, 1116 mm, and 1116 mm, respectively.Method of planting in bottom of beds increased field water use efficiency (FWUE) by 65.8% and 11.6% more than traditional planting and planting in bottom of furrows methods, respectively. Rice cv. Sakha 101 surpassed rice cvs. Sakha 102 and Giza 177 by 7.3% and 17.3% in FWUE, respectively.Therefore, Method of planting in bottom of beds could be applied for the rice cultivars in North Delta Egypt because it increased rice productivity by 3.7%, enhanced FWUE by 65.8% and saved water by 37.9%, compared with traditional planting.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of intercropping and neighbor cotton plants with other summer plants on the occurrence levels of some cotton pests in Graia village at Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate during 2003 and 2004 seasons. The results show that Intercropping cotton with tomato or onion increased Aphis gossypii ( Glover) average numbers significantly on cotton plants. While with cucumber and pepper the average numbers were decreased in both 2003 and 2004 seasons. The average numbers of Tetranychus spp. increased in intercropping system of cotton with tomato or cucumber, while the contrast results was found with onion or pepper intercropping system in comparing with the solid cotton plants during 2003 and 2004 seasons. The all intercropping systems increased the population density of Thrips tabaci (Lind.) on cotton plants in comparable with solid plants in both of seasons. The influences of intercropping systems on Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and Empoasca sp. were differed from season to another and from system to another. With respect to the occurrence of associated natural enemies under intercropping systems, the highest population density of predators, Scymnus spp. and Orius spp. were recorded on cotton plants intercropped with tomato in both seasons. While, the highest number of predators ( Syrphus sp.,) Paederus alfierii, true spider mites, predator mite (Phytoseiulus sp.) and parasitoids, Encarsia sp. and Ertmocerus sp. were recorded on solid cotton plants compared to the intercropping systems in the two study seasons. The highest numbers of Chrysoperla carnea were detected on cotton plants intercropped with cucumber, whereas, the highest average number of Coccinella spp. recorded on cotton plants intercropped with onion in the first season and cotton plants intercropped with tomato in the second one. As neighbor effect, the numbers of Empoasca sp. and T.tabaci was increased on cotton plants, while the numbers of A. gossypii, B. tabaci and Tetranychus spp. were decreased in both of seasons 2003 and 2004. The neighbor of cotton plants by tomato, cucumber, onion or pepper was increased the numbers of predators (Chrysoperla carnea, Orius spp., Paederus alfierii) and parasitoid, Encarsia sp. on cotton plants; while the numbers of Coccinella spp. Scymnus spp., Syrphus spp., true spider mites and Ertmocerns sp. were decreased in both seasons.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.