871 participants, 375 boys and 496 girls, mean age 16.7 + 1, were administered the Parental Bonding Instrument (P.B.I.), the Brief Symptom Inventory (B.S.I.), the General Well-Being Questionnaire (G.W.B.) and the Chestnut Lodge Transitional Object Scale. Results supported Winnicott's theory: participants reporting attachment to a Transitional Object (T.O.) in their childhood reported significantly more optimal maternal bonding than participants who were not attached to a T.O. Participants reporting attachment to a T.O. in adolescence had significantly more psychiatric symptoms and less general well-being. Adolescence T.O. attachment might be considered a marker of mental distress in the general, normal population.
Jn this paper we will try to summarize our impressions derived from the clinical study of twenty-five patients suffering from impotence. The symptom of impotence may be found in different nosological entities ; but our impression was that the men affected by this symptom show a number of similarities which unite them into a typical group with specified characteristics, and differentiate them from all other neurotic patients. Furthermore, we will try to relate the findings to the theoretical assumptions about this symptom, attempting to understand more about the dynamics and pathogenesis of impotence.THE SYMPTOM In our group we defined impotence as comprising all disturbances in the male sexual performance preventing normal intercourse, in whichever stage of the act the particular disturbance may show itself. We included, therefore, the impotentia coeundi, ejaculatio praecox, and the ejaculatio retardata. We excluded all cases where an organic cause for the symptom was suspected, using the diagnostic criteria as specified by Yoel (1957), as well as impotentia generandi and impotentia satisfactionis. We also excluded cases in which impotence was found to be accompanying a psychotic state.
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