The article aims to provide a comparative analysis of determining the legal status of artificial intelligence, as well as strategic planning of its implementation in the public sector in the countries of the Romano-Germanic, Anglo-Saxon, socialist, religious, and traditional systems of law. The study replies to the research questions regarding statutory definition of AI, state authorities responsible for AI, national government strategy in the field of AI and targets set therein, and action plans of AI with reference to countries with the highest Global Talent Competitiveness Index in reference to the mentioned legal systems. The research is of qualitative and applied nature; theoretical analysis of academic sources provides the groundwork for ICT-facilitated thematic content analysis of legal and administrative documents of the mentioned countries. The findings reveal common and specific trends regarding the data under study, and allow the author to suggest a revision of AI definition and to specify legislative and doctrinal issues that seem to be relevant and promising in the further strategic development and implementation of AI in the public sphere across countries.
The author explores the phenomenon of the legal personality of AI through the prisms of the constructions of the rights of animals, humans and certain types of persons. Theoretical and practical approaches to highlighting the legal personality of AI through the prism of a legal entity, animal, human are considered. Practical approaches are being studied on the conditions for the allocation of legal personality through the construction of Habeas Corpus, membership of the "board of directors", as well as the authorship of AI. The main legal structures for the implementation of this legal personality, the positions of the relevant authorities, as well as the stability of individual decisions at the level of consideration by the judiciary and compensatory legal measures that ensure the safe integration of AI into the sphere of public legal relations in Russia are determined. The subject of the study is the formalization of the actions of artificial intelligence as a separate subject of law in the private legal and public fields. The object of the study is regulatory documents, recommendations and other documents regulating the issues of distinguishing the legal personality of AI in Russia and foreign countries, academic publications on the issues under study. The research methodology integrates a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, hermeneutical, comparative legal, formal legal (dogmatic), etc. The measures proposed as a result of the study can be applied in the legislative and law enforcement practice of relevant authorities implementing the integration of artificial intelligence into the sphere of public and public relations in Russia.
The paper examines the phenomenon of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the field of public relations in foreign countries. It also touches upon the main problems in the legal field in terms of deploying the system, concerning both ensuring the transparency of decision-making and the non-discriminatory nature of the ongoing algorithmic data processing, and its use in in relation to the supervised segment based on the principles of predictive prosecution and the provision of a proactive set of public services to citizens. The effectiveness of technology integration into the sphere of public legal relations and the accuracy of the proposed solutions in a selection of various application segments in the context of sub-branches of administrative law are considered. According to the author, in order to implement the constructions of AI integration into the public sphere proposed in the paper, it is already necessary to determine the main levels of AI access to information in the framework of control and supervisory activities. These include finding identifying features for AI developers for the purposes of authorities with the provision of extended preferences and sanctions, taking into account scale effect of legal relations, determination of experimental regimes for a number of legal relations in order to test AI in the context of granting rights and implementing a system of administrative oversight and prosecution.
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