The lifetime, 12-month period, and point prevalence of LBP were 44.1%, 34.0%, and 19.7%, respectively, in our country. Caregivers had a higher frequency of LBP in this study. However it was a study with a small number of participants. There are many studies about stroke caregivers' depression and life quality. LBP should also be investigated.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) as activation and inflammatory markers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with nephritis. Patients and methods: A total of 108 SLE patients (8 males, 100 females; mean age 35.3±10.2 years; range 16 to 64 years) including 78 patients with renal involvement (8 males, 70 females; mean age 33.9±10.6 years; range 16 to 64 years) (SLEn+ group) and 30 patients without renal involvement (30 females; mean age 39.1±8.2 years; range 22 to 55 years) (SLEn-group) were included in this retrospective study. All patients' clinical characteristics and laboratory data which include erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, white blood counts, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, platelet counts, and MPV levels were obtained from medical records. The laboratory data at the highest proteinuria periods of the patients with renal involvement were recorded. Results: Mean MPV (SLEn+ =9.1±2.2, SLEn-=7.9±1.2, p=0.001) and NLR (SLEn+ =5.9±5.9, SLEn-=2.6±2.5, p<0.001) values were significantly higher in lupus nephritis group. Besides, a positive correlation between NLR and C-reactive protein was found in lupus nephritis group (r=1.97, p=0.045). Based on receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve of 0.76, cutoff NLR value of 1.93 had 83% sensitivity and 54% specificity [95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.85] in differentiating SLE patients with or without nephritis. Conclusion: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and MPV may be discriminative for lupus nephritis. Also, NLR may be a predictor of lupus nephritis. Both MPV and NLR values may be affected by a great number of factors; therefore, further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the use of these parameters in SLE.

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ÖzetAmaç: Çalışmanın amacı geleneksel tedaviye kombine edilen tekrarlı amaca özgü egzersizi içeren iş uğraşı tedavisinin üst ekstremite motor ve fonksiyonel gelişimi üzerine ek bir fayda sağlayıp sağlamadığını araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma prospektif, randomize, tek kör kontrollü bir klinik çalışma olarak planlandı. Çalışmaya hemiparezi gelişmiş olan 51 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrılarak, 1. gruba geleneksel rehabilitasyon (dört hafta boyunca haftada beş gün) ve iş uğraşı tedavisi (dört hafta haftada beş gün, günde bir saat) , 2. gruba yalnızca geleneksel rehabilitasyon uygulandı. Tüm hastalar tedavi öncesi ve bitiminde değerlendirildi. Tedavi etkinliğini değerlendirmek için Görsel Anolog Skala, Brunnstrom evrelemesi, Modifiye Ashworth Skalası, Dokuz Delikle Tahta Testi (DDTT), Barthel İndeksi, Fugl Meyer Motor Fonksiyon Skalası üst ekstremite bölümü ve Nottingham Sağlık Profili (NsP) kaydedildi. Bulgular: Her iki grup arasında sonuç parametrelerinde istatistiksel anlamlı bir fark yok idi. Ancak Grup 1'de Brunnstrom üst ekstremite evrelemesinde ve NSP duygusal reaksiyonlar alt bölümünde elde edilen istatistiksel anlamlı gelişmeler Grup 2'de görülmemiştir. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız kombinasyon tedavisinin belirgin lehine olmamakla birlikte, literatür ve çeşitli tedavi kılavuzlar göstermektedir ki tekrarlı amaca özgü egzersizleri içeren iş uğraşı tedavisi üst ekstremite inme rehabilitasyonunda tamamlayıcı bir yöntem olarak yer alabilir. Bu konuda hala yanıtlanması gereken sorular olduğundan ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu kanısındayız.Anahtar Kelimeler: İnme, üst ekstremite, iş uğraşı tedavisi.Ayna AB, Yıldırım MA, Öneş K. Hemiplejik hastalarda iş uğraşı tedavisi etkinliği Pam Tıp Derg 2019;12:23-32. AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to investigate whether combine application of conventional therapy with occupational therapy in the content of repetitive task specific training provided additional benefits to motor and functional outcome of upper extremity in patients with stroke. Material and Method: The study was designed as prospective, randomized, controlled, single blind clinical trial. Fifty-one inpatient who have had hemiparesis related cerebrovascular accident involved to study. Patients were assigned into two groups, conventional therapy (five days in a week, for four weeks) and occupational therapy in the content of repetitive task specific training (an hour once in a day, five days in a week, for four weeks) were performed for group 1, only conventional therapy was performed for group 2. All patients were evaluated before and after the treatment. To assess efficiency of treatment Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Brunnstrom grades, Modified Ashworth Scale, Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Barthel Index, Fugl Meyer Motor Assessment upper extremity component and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) were performed. Results: There was not a significant statistical difference between two group's outcome parameters. While there was statistically significant improvements for upper extremity Brunstromm grade and ...