Weed is a part of OPT (Plant Disturbing Organism) besides plant pests and diseases. Weeds cause damage slowly, due to competition with cultivated plants to obtain nutrients, water, light, CO2 and growing space. Weeds are harmful and disturbing so humans try to control them. From various aspects of life both health, aesthetics, environment and the field of farming, weeds can interfere with natural habitat and beauty. Weeds are always considered as exotic plants or migrants that are invasive and potentially disrupt the local environment. However, not all weeds play a negative and potentially disturbing role. Weeds are also able to provide a comfortable habitat for the development of natural enemies in the agrosecosystem. Refugia is a weed plant area that can provide shelter, food sources or other resources for natural enemies such as predators and parasitoid. Efforts to conserve natural enemies using refugia are one alternative to controlling plant pest organisms such as pests. Keywords: Refugia, Weeds, Conservation, Natural Enemies
Pollinator insects are insects that play a role in pollination, namely intermediaries pollinating plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and diversity of insects pollinators in the Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) Plantation of Waiheru Village, Baguala District, Ambon City. Sampling was done by purposive sampling using a yellow glue trap (Yellow sticky trap). The customer observations are made in visual control. Observation starts at 07.00 WIT until 18.00 WIT which is divided into 3 time periods, namely: 07.00-10.00 WIT, 11.00-14.00 WIT and 15.00-18.00 WIT. The data obtained were analyzed using the diversity index (H ') according to Shannon and Wiener. The results showed that the total abundance of pollinator insects in vegetable plantations was 1220 individuals, consisting of 3 orders and 5 families. Insect families that play a role in the process of pollination are Family Apidae, Formicidae, Syrpidae, Muscidae and Papilionidae. The highest abundance of insects is dominated by the Formicidae Family while the lowest abundance is the Papilionidae Family. Value insect pollinator diversity found among the sites that H '= 1.21 which indicates that the level of diversity of insect pollinators on plantations Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) in the Waiheru Village, Baguala District, Ambon City in the medium category.
The purpose of this study was to determine the Pb and Cd heavy metal content in sediments and their relationship with marine biota in Tulehu waters. The method used in the study was a survey by sampling at three research stations based on the representation of different characteristics at the study site. Station 1 at Tulehu Port 1 (non-operating and anthropogenic ship docker), Station 2 Tulehu Port 2 (ferry port) and Station 3 at Muara Sungai along Tulehu waters. The heavy metal content of Pb and Cd was measured using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). The heavy metal content of Pb and Cd has a effect on abundance and diversity of marine biota in Tulehu waters. This is evidenced by the Pb regression of marine biota abundance and diversity with values r = 0,894 and Cd = 0.895. Increased content of heavy metals in sediments was followed by a decrease in the diversity of marine life in Tulehu waters.
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