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BackgroundDespite numerous studies on the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment in diverse geographical populations, there are currently no data on the prevalence of these conditions in populations of adults native to Kosovo. Therefore, little is known about how widespread these conditions are, and whether there is any correlation between root canal treatment and AP. The purpose of our research was to address this anomaly by investigating AP and endodontic treatment in an adult Kosovar population based on radiographic examination.MethodsThe sample used for this study consisted of randomly selected individuals referred to the University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo in the years 2006-2007. Orthopantomographs of 193 patients were evaluated. The periapical status of all teeth (with the exception of third molars) was examined according to Ørstavik's Periapical Index. The quality of the root canal filling was rated as 'adequate' or 'inadequate' based on whether all canals were filled, the depth of fill relative to the radiographic apex and the quality of compaction (absence/presence of voids). Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test and calculation of odds ratios.ResultsOut of 4131 examined teeth, the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment was 12.3% and 2.3%, respectively. Of 95 endodontically-treated teeth, 46.3% were associated with AP. The prevalence of AP increased with age. The prevalence in subjects aged over 60 years old (20.2%) was higher than in other age groups. A statistically significant difference was found for the frequency of endodontically-treated teeth associated with AP in the 40-49 year age group (P < 0.001). Of some concern was the discovery that only 30.5% of the endodontically-treated teeth examined met the criteria of an acceptable root canal filling. Inadequately root-filled teeth were associated with an increased AP risk.ConclusionsThe prevalence of AP and the frequency of endodontically-treated teeth with AP in this Kosovar population are higher than those found in other countries. Inadequate root canal fillings were associated with an increased prevalence of AP.

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Background A hermetic seal at the apical terminus is required for healthy periradicular tissue. Root canal obturation sealers that are used in endodontics are based on zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, resins, glass ionomers, silicone, or bioceramics, but no optimal sealer material has been identified to date. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate apical leakage after crown-down preparation and root canal obturation with Endomethasone N, glass ionomer cement, and EndoRez sealers. Material/Methods For this in vitro study, we tested 92 extracted human teeth, which were divided into 3 groups after a preparation technique and obturation with Endomethasone N sealer, glass ionomer cement, and EndoRez sealer in combination with Thermafil obturator. Apical leakage was evaluated and compared among the tested groups using a dye leakage method through a stereomicroscope. The values were measured from the apex to the coronal extent of dye penetration. For statistical analysis, the t test was used for comparison of the arithmetic averages of tested groups. Results After preparation with rotary files, tested groups obturated with Thermafil obturator in combination with Endomethasone sealer showed higher average dye penetration than tested groups obturated with EndoRez and glass ionomer sealer. Conclusions Although all experimental groups showed dye leakage, the glass ionomer sealer in combination with Thermafil showed the least leakage, compared with EndoRez and Endomethason N.

Obturimi i tërësishëm i sistemit të kanalit të rrënjës së dhëmbit është një ndër fazat më të rëndësishme gjatë ter- apisë endodontike. Prandaj, qëllimi i këtij studimi in vitro, ishte që të vlerësohet dhe të bëhet krahasimi i mbushjes apikale me materialet endodontike me EndoRez pastë, Endomethason pastë, si dhe Resilon/Epiphany sistem, pas përpunimit të kanaleve të rrënjës së dhëmbit. Mostrat e 80 dhëmbëve një rrënjësh të nofullës së sipërme u ndanë në tri grupe eksperimentale, varësisht prej materialit me të cilën u obturuan. Pas përpunimit me teknikën crown down, mostrat e grupit të parë u obtu- ruan me EndoRez pastë në kombinim me Thermafil ob- turatorin, mostrat e grupit të dytë u obturuan me Endo- methason pastë të kombinuara me sistemin Thermafil, si dhe mostrat e grupit të tretë u obturuan me pastën Epiphany në kombinim me Resilon. Mikrorrjedhja apikale është përcaktuar me anë të stereomikroskopit me anë të cilit është bërë matja e rrjedhjes së ngjyrës në të tretën apikale, si dhe rezultatet e fituara në mënyrë statistikore janë përpunuar dhe krahasuar me anë të t-testit. Në grupet e përpunuara me teknikën crown down dhe të obturuara me Thermafil obturator dhe pastë të Endo- methason-it, rrjedhja mesatare e ngjyrës ishte më e lartë krahasuar me mostrat e obturuara me pastë të rezinës në kombinim me Thermafil sistemin, si dhe grupin e obturuar me Resilon/Epiphany. Që të tri teknikat e obturimit treguan rrjedhje të ngjyrës, por mikrorrjedhje më të vogël u vlerësuan në mostrat e obturuara me Resilon/Epiphany sistemin.