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Sleep is a fundamental behaviour as it serves vital physiological functions, yet how the sleep of wild animals is constrained by environmental conditions is poorly understood. Using non-invasive multi-sensor high-resolution biologgers and a robust classification approach, we quantified multiple dimensions of sleep in wild boar (Sus scrofa), a nocturnally active mammal, monitored for up to a full annual cycle. In support of the hypothesis that environmental conditions determining thermoregulatory challenges regulate sleep, we show that on warmer, longer, and more humid days sleep quality and quantity are reduced, whilst greater snow cover and rainfall promote sleep quality. Importantly, our study reveals large inter-and intra-individual variation in sleep durations, suggestive of pace-of-life syndromes. Given the major role that sleep plays in health, our results suggest that global warming and the associated increase in extreme climatic events are likely to negatively impact sleep, and consequently health in wildlife, particularly in nocturnal animals.

Sociality in animal populations is a continuum, and interactions between conspecifics are meaningful for all vertebrates. Ignorance of social structures can lead to misunderstanding their ecology and, consequently, to unsuccessful species management. Here, we combined genetic and spatial data on radio-collared brown bears (Ursus arctos) to investigate kin-related home range overlap and kin-related centroid distance within central and eastern Finland. We found that the extent of home range overlap was positively correlated with relatedness among adult females. In addition, home range centroid distance decreased as relatedness increased. Moreover, there were significant differences between the two studied regions: female brown bears in central Finland were more closely related to each other, and the sizes of their home ranges were larger than those in eastern Finland. The smaller home ranges and lower degree of relatedness among bears in eastern Finland might be a result of the substantially higher hunting pressure in the area, combined with immigration of new unrelated individuals from Russia.