Resumo: O presente estudo trata-se de um enfoque biomolecular e celular dos danos a saúde produzidos pelos agrotóxicos na Biociência, como ciência interdisciplinar, que estuda os seres vivos, sua evolução, o ambiente em que vivem, o modo como se relacionam, etc. Realizou-se uma investigação de caráter cognoscitivo do estado da arte, em artigos publicados de 1979 a 2019. Desde os anos 60 são estudados os impactos na saúde causados pelos agrotóxicos e são fornecidas bulas a populações, com orientações das formas mais adequadas de aplicação de medidas de proteção a serem cumpridas pelos agricultores, para que esses agravos a saúde tenham um menor impacto, no estado de bem-estar deles e dos consumidores. Longe de serem cumpridos esses protocolos de prevenção, famílias inteiras, comunidades e ecossistemas no mundo; como por exemplo, o Brasil, estão expostos aos danos destas sustâncias que envenenam e são precursoras da morte. Esse artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão dos estudos dos mecanismos celulares e algoritmos de como os agrotóxicos causaram problemas de saúde nos últimos 40 anos. A compreensão aprofundada do mecanismo de toxicidade sinérgica de pesticidas de múltiplos componentes, desempenha um papel importante no uso racional de pesticidas e na proteção da segurança alimentar.
In Brazil, the health of communities that use pesticides is still neglected due to the lack of greater social understanding of damage to health and an insufficient care network. The aim of the research was to understand the actions of the health care management network of farmers who use pesticides, in municipalities in the Northeast, Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA), from the perspective of the health care network (RAS). This is a qualitative research, with a methodological framework based on the Grounded Theory in a constructivist way. 26 health professionals and RAS managers participated, at the municipal and regional levels in Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA). Two sample groups were composed for data collection, carried out through semi-structured interviews. The analysis resulted in six categories, which, when integrated, made up the theoretical model “Model of care management for riverside farmers”. The RAS must have teams trained in the care of riverside farmers who use pesticides in primary care, and specialized teams in secondary and tertiary care, who are a reference. The theoretical model formulated considers that the RAS, strengthened in terms of diversity of actions and services, will provide better care management for farmers.
The use of agricultural pesticides is increasingly associated with public health problems and negative impacts on the environment, in addition to the lack of protective actions developed by Brazilian environmental agencies. Our objective in this study was to analyze the relationships in the process that lead to the perception of risk of damage to human health by the use of pesticides in the riverine farming communities of the São Francisco Valley, in Brazilian northeast. We carried out a qualitative literature review, using the Constructivist Grounded Theory applied to the review of published scientific articles. The elements in the perceptive process found were: 1) the environment; 2) conditioning factors; 3) the perception of the human body; 4) the memory; 5) socio-cognitive processing; 6) automatic response; 7) the decision process and 8) the behavior. Each of those elements and its relationships guide where the causes of an inadequate perception to resolve them.
In Brazil, the health of communities that use pesticides is still neglected due to the lack of greater social understanding of damage to health and an insufficient care network. The objective of the research was to investigate health management practices, from the perspective of the expanded health care network (RAS), focusing on riverside farmers who use pesticides in the municipalities of Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA) in the Northeast of Brazil. The study aimed to explore these practices from the perspective of the healthcare network (RAS). This is a qualitative research, with a methodological framework based on the Grounded Theory in a constructivist way (CGT). Twenty-six health professionals and RAS managers participated, at the municipal and regional levels in Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA). Two sample groups were composed for data collection, carried out through semi-structured interviews. The analysis resulted in six categories, which, when integrated, made up the theoretical model “Model of care management for riverside farmers”. The RAS must have teams trained in the care of riverside farmers who use pesticides in primary care, and specialized teams in secondary and tertiary care, who are a reference. The theoretical model formulated considers that the RAS, strengthened in terms of diversity of actions and services, will provide better care management for farmers.
The excessive use of pesticides in Brazilian agribusiness poses significant health risks, particularly to rural communities. To address this issue, it is crucial to implement a comprehensive program of toxicology studies and workforce qualification, ensuring proper monitoring and minimizing health hazards. This research aimed to assess the perception of health risks associated with pesticide use among riverside farmers in the municipalities of Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA). Between January and July 2022, a data collection was conducted involving a homogeneous sample of 60 farmers from each municipality. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to conduct a study on risk perception, employing the expanded SUS questionnaire "A" through a mobile application. Prior consent was obtained through the Free and Informed Consent Form. The collected data were analyzed using Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks. The research findings revealed an inadequate understanding of health risks among riverside farmers in both groups, with a particular need for knowledge improvement in the community of Petrolina (PE). To enhance farmers' awareness and perception of risks, it is imperative to implement comprehensive educational policies and adopt a health management approach that emphasizes the farmer's relationship with the environment. Furthermore, effective communication strategies must be employed to convey the health risks associated with pesticide use. Municipal governments should actively support these initiatives to foster positive change in the agricultural sector.
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